TRU Biol 2131 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
What are the 3 tenets of the cell theory? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1) All
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
organisms are composed of one or more cells | | | | | | |
2) The cell is the structural unit of life
| | | | | | | | |
3) Cells can arise only by division from a pre-existing cell
| | | | | | | | | |
Fundamental properties that are shared by all cells (9)? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--
| | | | | | | | | | |
Cells are highly complex and organized
| | | | | |
- Possess a genetic program
| | | |
- Can reproduce
| |
- Acquire and use energy
| | | |
- Carry out chemical reactions
| | | |
- Engage in mechanical activities
| | | | |
- Respond to stimuli
| | | |
- Capable of self-regulation
| | |
How is energy passed from one organism to the next? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Light energy is converted by photosynthesis into chemical energy that is stored in
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
energy-rich carbohydrates. These carbs are source of energy for animal cells.
| | | | | | | | | |
Common features between PROK and EUK (9) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-PM,
| | | | | | | | | |
genetic info (DNA), similar mechanisms for transcription/translation, shared
| | | | | | | |
,metabolic pathways (glycolysis, TCA), ATP, photosynthesis mechanisms, protein
| | | | | | | |
synthesis, proteasomes, cytoskeletal filaments built of proteins similar to actin
| | | | | | | | | |
and tubulin |
EUK only features - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-nucleus, complex chromosomes (DNA
| | | | | | | | |
+ histones), cytoplasmic organelles, complex cytoskeletal system/flagella/cilia,
| | | | | | |
phagocytosis, diploidy, sexual reproduction, mitotic spindles | | | | |
two domains of PROK cells - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-archae and bacteria
| | | | | | | | | |
(archae are more closely related to EUK)
| | | | | |
EUK specialized cells are formed by - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-differentiation
| | | | | | | |
As cell size increases, surface area/volume ratio ___ - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | |
decreases
Surface area/volume ratio importance in cell size. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Larger
| | | | | | | | | |
the cell (cytoplasmic volume) = longer it takes to move things in/out, generate
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
messages required by cell | | | |
- Too big = SA not sufficient to support cell activities
| | | | | | | | | |
viruses - obligatory intracellular parasites - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-means they
| | | | | | | | |
cannot produce unless present within a host cell
| | | | | | |
are viruses considered living organisms? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-no; inability to
| | | | | | | | | |
reproduce/metabolize without host cells | | |
,Evolutionary importance of common properties between PROK and EUK? -
| | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The similarities reflect the fact that EUK cells have evolved
| | | | | | | | | |
almost certainly from PROK ancestors. Due to their common ancestry, the two
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
types of cells share an identical genetic code that uses DNA and RNA, a common
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
set of metabolic pathways, and many common structural features.
| | | | | | | |
Lytic infections - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-- Use host cell machinery to make new
| | | | | | | | | | | |
virions
- Will lyse host to release progeny to infect other cells
| | | | | | | | | |
lysogenic infections - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-- Virus integrates DNA into host cell
| | | | | | | | | | |
(provirus)
- No lysing of host
| | | | |
- Effects depend on type of virus
| | | | | |
viroid - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-infectious agent consisting of a small circular RNA
| | | | | | | | | | |
molecule that lacks a protein coat. Thought to cause disease by interfering with
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
the cell's normal path of gene expression
| | | | | |
Can viruses be treated with antibiotics? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-No
| | | | | | | |
Most sugars have the general formula - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Ch2O
| | | | | | | |
carbs can be joined together by covalent ___bonds - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | |
glycosidic
, oligosaccharides - role? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-small chains often found
| | | | | | | | |
covalently attached to lipids and proteins, converting them into glycolipids and
| | | | | | | | | | |
glycoproteins.
- 15 glucose or fewer per chain
| | | | | |
- Role in mediating the interactions of a cell with its environment and sorting of
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
membrane proteins to different cellular compartments
| | | | |
glycogen - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-- highly branched, energy storages.
| | | | | | | |
- Glucose polymer
| |
- animal cells
| |
starch - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-helical arrangement, energy storage.
| | | | | |
Glucose polymer | |
- Amylose (unbranched) vs amylopectin (branched)
| | | | |
- Stored as densely packed granules enclosed in membrane bound organelles
| | | | | | | | | | |
(plastids) within the plant cell
| | | |
Cellulose - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-unbranched, highly extended, structural role.
| | | | | | | |
Main component in plant cell walls
| | | | |
Chitin - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a polysaccharide that makes up the exoskeleton of
| | | | | | | | | |
insects and the cell walls of fungi
| | | | | | |
- does not consist of glucose monomers
| | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWERS
What are the 3 tenets of the cell theory? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1) All
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
organisms are composed of one or more cells | | | | | | |
2) The cell is the structural unit of life
| | | | | | | | |
3) Cells can arise only by division from a pre-existing cell
| | | | | | | | | |
Fundamental properties that are shared by all cells (9)? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--
| | | | | | | | | | |
Cells are highly complex and organized
| | | | | |
- Possess a genetic program
| | | |
- Can reproduce
| |
- Acquire and use energy
| | | |
- Carry out chemical reactions
| | | |
- Engage in mechanical activities
| | | | |
- Respond to stimuli
| | | |
- Capable of self-regulation
| | |
How is energy passed from one organism to the next? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Light energy is converted by photosynthesis into chemical energy that is stored in
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
energy-rich carbohydrates. These carbs are source of energy for animal cells.
| | | | | | | | | |
Common features between PROK and EUK (9) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-PM,
| | | | | | | | | |
genetic info (DNA), similar mechanisms for transcription/translation, shared
| | | | | | | |
,metabolic pathways (glycolysis, TCA), ATP, photosynthesis mechanisms, protein
| | | | | | | |
synthesis, proteasomes, cytoskeletal filaments built of proteins similar to actin
| | | | | | | | | |
and tubulin |
EUK only features - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-nucleus, complex chromosomes (DNA
| | | | | | | | |
+ histones), cytoplasmic organelles, complex cytoskeletal system/flagella/cilia,
| | | | | | |
phagocytosis, diploidy, sexual reproduction, mitotic spindles | | | | |
two domains of PROK cells - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-archae and bacteria
| | | | | | | | | |
(archae are more closely related to EUK)
| | | | | |
EUK specialized cells are formed by - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-differentiation
| | | | | | | |
As cell size increases, surface area/volume ratio ___ - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | |
decreases
Surface area/volume ratio importance in cell size. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Larger
| | | | | | | | | |
the cell (cytoplasmic volume) = longer it takes to move things in/out, generate
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
messages required by cell | | | |
- Too big = SA not sufficient to support cell activities
| | | | | | | | | |
viruses - obligatory intracellular parasites - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-means they
| | | | | | | | |
cannot produce unless present within a host cell
| | | | | | |
are viruses considered living organisms? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-no; inability to
| | | | | | | | | |
reproduce/metabolize without host cells | | |
,Evolutionary importance of common properties between PROK and EUK? -
| | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The similarities reflect the fact that EUK cells have evolved
| | | | | | | | | |
almost certainly from PROK ancestors. Due to their common ancestry, the two
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
types of cells share an identical genetic code that uses DNA and RNA, a common
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
set of metabolic pathways, and many common structural features.
| | | | | | | |
Lytic infections - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-- Use host cell machinery to make new
| | | | | | | | | | | |
virions
- Will lyse host to release progeny to infect other cells
| | | | | | | | | |
lysogenic infections - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-- Virus integrates DNA into host cell
| | | | | | | | | | |
(provirus)
- No lysing of host
| | | | |
- Effects depend on type of virus
| | | | | |
viroid - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-infectious agent consisting of a small circular RNA
| | | | | | | | | | |
molecule that lacks a protein coat. Thought to cause disease by interfering with
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
the cell's normal path of gene expression
| | | | | |
Can viruses be treated with antibiotics? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-No
| | | | | | | |
Most sugars have the general formula - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Ch2O
| | | | | | | |
carbs can be joined together by covalent ___bonds - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | |
glycosidic
, oligosaccharides - role? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-small chains often found
| | | | | | | | |
covalently attached to lipids and proteins, converting them into glycolipids and
| | | | | | | | | | |
glycoproteins.
- 15 glucose or fewer per chain
| | | | | |
- Role in mediating the interactions of a cell with its environment and sorting of
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
membrane proteins to different cellular compartments
| | | | |
glycogen - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-- highly branched, energy storages.
| | | | | | | |
- Glucose polymer
| |
- animal cells
| |
starch - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-helical arrangement, energy storage.
| | | | | |
Glucose polymer | |
- Amylose (unbranched) vs amylopectin (branched)
| | | | |
- Stored as densely packed granules enclosed in membrane bound organelles
| | | | | | | | | | |
(plastids) within the plant cell
| | | |
Cellulose - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-unbranched, highly extended, structural role.
| | | | | | | |
Main component in plant cell walls
| | | | |
Chitin - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a polysaccharide that makes up the exoskeleton of
| | | | | | | | | |
insects and the cell walls of fungi
| | | | | | |
- does not consist of glucose monomers
| | | | | |
