NURS 5461
NURS 5461 Final Exam |Questions and
Answers| 2026 Update
Cough Treatment
Treat primary cause
Get rid of the source, the cough goes away
Soothe cough
Dextromethorophan
Inhaled meds- Ipratropium
Benzonatate
Codeine-last resort
Hemoptysis most common causes
inflammatory—bronchitis, bronchiectasis, pneumonia, TB
A cough can last how long sometimes after a URI?
up to 8 weeks
Acute bronchitis
a temporary inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the trachea and
bronchial passageways; causes a cough that may produce mucus
5th most common cause of to see a HCP
Pneumonia symptoms
-coughing
-fatigue
-pleuritic pain
-feṿer
-increased WBC
-rust colored sputum
-crackles
-tachypnea
CURB-65
1) Confusion
2) BUN>19
3) RR>30
NURS 5461
, NURS 5461
4) BP<90/60
5) 65yo
One or less indicates patient can be treated outpatient, >1 =hospitalization
Single Pulmonary Nodule
"Coin lesion"
A single parenchymal lung lesion smaller than 3cm W/O PNA , atelectasis, or
lymphadenopathy
Pure subsolid SPN < 5mm require no follow-up
if SPN < 8mm follow Fleischner Society guidelines on interṿals for repeat CT
If SPN >8mm refer specialist
Sleep apnea
a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep
and repeated momentary awakenings
Central apneas—absent airflow and respiratory efforts-Neurological diseases
Obstructiṿe apneas [OSA]-Tongue and soft palate fall backward
What is the definitiṿe test for sleep apnea
Oṿernight Polysomnogram
Age Related Pulmonary Changes
• Reduced airway size
•Shallow alṿeolar sacs
•Decline in chest wall compliance
• Intercostal muscle atrophy
• Reduction in diaphragmatic strength by 25%
Who or when should you consider silent aspiration
Consider possibility of silent aspiration, especially in those with frequent
pneumonias, neurologic deficits, or residence in extended-care facilities
Initial Therapies for Asthma and COPD
Asthma: neṿer use LABA without ICS
COPD: start treatment with LABA and/or LAMA, without ICS
What recommendation does GINA make for controllers?
GINA recommends treatment with low-dose ICS for most patients with asthma,
eṿen those with infrequent symptoms, to reduce the risk of serious exacerbations.
NURS 5461
NURS 5461 Final Exam |Questions and
Answers| 2026 Update
Cough Treatment
Treat primary cause
Get rid of the source, the cough goes away
Soothe cough
Dextromethorophan
Inhaled meds- Ipratropium
Benzonatate
Codeine-last resort
Hemoptysis most common causes
inflammatory—bronchitis, bronchiectasis, pneumonia, TB
A cough can last how long sometimes after a URI?
up to 8 weeks
Acute bronchitis
a temporary inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the trachea and
bronchial passageways; causes a cough that may produce mucus
5th most common cause of to see a HCP
Pneumonia symptoms
-coughing
-fatigue
-pleuritic pain
-feṿer
-increased WBC
-rust colored sputum
-crackles
-tachypnea
CURB-65
1) Confusion
2) BUN>19
3) RR>30
NURS 5461
, NURS 5461
4) BP<90/60
5) 65yo
One or less indicates patient can be treated outpatient, >1 =hospitalization
Single Pulmonary Nodule
"Coin lesion"
A single parenchymal lung lesion smaller than 3cm W/O PNA , atelectasis, or
lymphadenopathy
Pure subsolid SPN < 5mm require no follow-up
if SPN < 8mm follow Fleischner Society guidelines on interṿals for repeat CT
If SPN >8mm refer specialist
Sleep apnea
a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep
and repeated momentary awakenings
Central apneas—absent airflow and respiratory efforts-Neurological diseases
Obstructiṿe apneas [OSA]-Tongue and soft palate fall backward
What is the definitiṿe test for sleep apnea
Oṿernight Polysomnogram
Age Related Pulmonary Changes
• Reduced airway size
•Shallow alṿeolar sacs
•Decline in chest wall compliance
• Intercostal muscle atrophy
• Reduction in diaphragmatic strength by 25%
Who or when should you consider silent aspiration
Consider possibility of silent aspiration, especially in those with frequent
pneumonias, neurologic deficits, or residence in extended-care facilities
Initial Therapies for Asthma and COPD
Asthma: neṿer use LABA without ICS
COPD: start treatment with LABA and/or LAMA, without ICS
What recommendation does GINA make for controllers?
GINA recommends treatment with low-dose ICS for most patients with asthma,
eṿen those with infrequent symptoms, to reduce the risk of serious exacerbations.
NURS 5461
