Public authority
An entity or organization that has the power to enforce laws, regulations,
or policies, usually on behalf of a government.
Administrative law
A branch of public law that governs the activities and decisions of
administrative agencies, including rule-making, enforcement, and
adjudication.
Exemption
A legal release from a requirement or obligation, such as taxes, duties, or
specific regulations.
Grant
A financial or legal benefit provided by a government, organization, or
entity, typically for a specific purpose, such as funding a project.
Object(-ion)
To formally oppose or express disagreement with something, often in legal
or procedural settings.
Foundation
A legal entity established for a specific non-profit purpose, such as charity,
education, or research.
Official, necessary permission
Authorization granted by a competent authority to allow an action or
activity that is regulated.
Permit
A legal document or license that grants permission to carry out a specific
action, such as building construction or conducting a business.
,Notify, apply
Notify: To inform or report an action, decision, or event to a relevant
authority.
Apply: To formally request something, such as a permit or grant,
from an authority.
Private limited company
A type of business entity (e.g., BV, GmbH, SARL) with limited liability for
shareholders, and shares that are not publicly traded.
Liability
Legal responsibility for one's actions or debts, which can be financial or
legal in nature.
Registered share
A share that is recorded in the name of the owner in the company’s
shareholder registry.
Civil-law notary
A legal professional who specializes in drafting and authenticating official
documents, such as contracts, wills, and deeds.
Municipality(-ies)
A local government authority responsible for public administration in a
specific area, such as a city, town, or district.
Refuse/reject
To deny or decline an application, request, or proposal.
Bearer share
, A share whose ownership is determined by possession, rather than being
registered in a specific person's name. These shares can be transferred
without formal records.
Legal person(-ality)
An entity (e.g., a company or organization) recognized by law as having
legal rights and responsibilities, similar to those of a natural person.
Natural person
An individual human being, as opposed to a legal entity like a corporation.
2-stage/3-stage rocket
A metaphor often used in business or law to describe a process or
structure with multiple sequential steps, such as appeals or corporate
governance structures.
Appeal
The legal process of challenging a decision made by a lower authority or
court to a higher authority or court.
BV, Ltd, GmbH, SARL
These are types of private limited companies in different legal systems:
BV: Netherlands.
Ltd: United Kingdom.
GmbH: Germany.
SARL: France or Luxembourg.
Public limited company
A company whose shares can be freely bought and sold by the public,
often listed on stock exchanges (e.g., NV, Plc, AG, SA).
An entity or organization that has the power to enforce laws, regulations,
or policies, usually on behalf of a government.
Administrative law
A branch of public law that governs the activities and decisions of
administrative agencies, including rule-making, enforcement, and
adjudication.
Exemption
A legal release from a requirement or obligation, such as taxes, duties, or
specific regulations.
Grant
A financial or legal benefit provided by a government, organization, or
entity, typically for a specific purpose, such as funding a project.
Object(-ion)
To formally oppose or express disagreement with something, often in legal
or procedural settings.
Foundation
A legal entity established for a specific non-profit purpose, such as charity,
education, or research.
Official, necessary permission
Authorization granted by a competent authority to allow an action or
activity that is regulated.
Permit
A legal document or license that grants permission to carry out a specific
action, such as building construction or conducting a business.
,Notify, apply
Notify: To inform or report an action, decision, or event to a relevant
authority.
Apply: To formally request something, such as a permit or grant,
from an authority.
Private limited company
A type of business entity (e.g., BV, GmbH, SARL) with limited liability for
shareholders, and shares that are not publicly traded.
Liability
Legal responsibility for one's actions or debts, which can be financial or
legal in nature.
Registered share
A share that is recorded in the name of the owner in the company’s
shareholder registry.
Civil-law notary
A legal professional who specializes in drafting and authenticating official
documents, such as contracts, wills, and deeds.
Municipality(-ies)
A local government authority responsible for public administration in a
specific area, such as a city, town, or district.
Refuse/reject
To deny or decline an application, request, or proposal.
Bearer share
, A share whose ownership is determined by possession, rather than being
registered in a specific person's name. These shares can be transferred
without formal records.
Legal person(-ality)
An entity (e.g., a company or organization) recognized by law as having
legal rights and responsibilities, similar to those of a natural person.
Natural person
An individual human being, as opposed to a legal entity like a corporation.
2-stage/3-stage rocket
A metaphor often used in business or law to describe a process or
structure with multiple sequential steps, such as appeals or corporate
governance structures.
Appeal
The legal process of challenging a decision made by a lower authority or
court to a higher authority or court.
BV, Ltd, GmbH, SARL
These are types of private limited companies in different legal systems:
BV: Netherlands.
Ltd: United Kingdom.
GmbH: Germany.
SARL: France or Luxembourg.
Public limited company
A company whose shares can be freely bought and sold by the public,
often listed on stock exchanges (e.g., NV, Plc, AG, SA).
