NURS 110 Introduction to Professional Nursing - Weeks 1 & 2
Assessment 2026 – WCU
1. Who is considered the founder of modern nursing and is best known for
improving sanitation in battlefield hospitals?
A. Florence Nightingale
B. Clara Barton
C. Lillian Wald
D. Mary Mahoney
Answer: A
Rationale: Florence Nightingale established the first nursing philosophy based on health
maintenance and restoration, focusing specifically on environmental factors like sanitation.
2. Which nursing pioneer founded the American Red Cross?
A. Dorothea Dix
B. Harriet Tubman
C. Clara Barton
D. Mary Adelaide Nutting
Answer: C
Rationale: Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross in 1881 after her experiences
caring for soldiers during the Civil War.
,3. What are the four components of the nursing metaparadigm?
A. Care, Cure, Coordination, and Communication
B. Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, and Implementation
C. Patient, Family, Community, and Society
D. Person, Environment, Health, and Nursing
Answer: D
Rationale: The nursing metaparadigm consists of person (the recipient of care),
environment (external/internal factors), health (state of being), and nursing (the attributes
and actions of the nurse).
4. The Nurse Practice Act (NPA) in each state is primarily designed to:
A. Provide legal defense for nurses in malpractice suits
B. Set the salary scales for registered nurses
C. Define the curriculum for nursing schools
D. Protect the public from unqualified practitioners
Answer: D
Rationale: The primary purpose of the Nurse Practice Act is to protect the public by
regulating the scope of nursing practice and ensuring practitioners are qualified.
5. In Benner’s stages of nursing proficiency, a nurse who has been in the same
clinical position for 2 to 3 years and can anticipate care is at which level?
A. Novice
B. Advanced Beginner
C. Competent
D. Proficient
Answer: C
Rationale: The competent nurse has usually been in the same clinical position for 2 to 3
years and understands the organization and specific care required for a group of patients.
, 6. Which ethical principle refers to the commitment to include patients in
decisions about all aspects of their care?
A. Beneficence
B. Justice
C. Fidelity
D. Autonomy
Answer: D
Rationale: Autonomy refers to freedom from external control and involves the patient’s
right to make their own healthcare decisions.
7. A nurse is acting as a patient advocate when they:
A. Perform a complex dressing change correctly
B. Help a patient express their values and rights to the healthcare team
C. Administer medications on time
D. Document vital signs accurately
Answer: B
Rationale: Advocacy involves standing up for the patient’s rights and ensuring their voice
is heard in the medical decision-making process.
8. Which organization is responsible for the Nursing Code of Ethics in the United
States?
A. The Joint Commission (TJC)
B. National League for Nursing (NLN)
C. American Nurses Association (ANA)
D. International Council of Nurses (ICN)
E. none
Answer: C
Assessment 2026 – WCU
1. Who is considered the founder of modern nursing and is best known for
improving sanitation in battlefield hospitals?
A. Florence Nightingale
B. Clara Barton
C. Lillian Wald
D. Mary Mahoney
Answer: A
Rationale: Florence Nightingale established the first nursing philosophy based on health
maintenance and restoration, focusing specifically on environmental factors like sanitation.
2. Which nursing pioneer founded the American Red Cross?
A. Dorothea Dix
B. Harriet Tubman
C. Clara Barton
D. Mary Adelaide Nutting
Answer: C
Rationale: Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross in 1881 after her experiences
caring for soldiers during the Civil War.
,3. What are the four components of the nursing metaparadigm?
A. Care, Cure, Coordination, and Communication
B. Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, and Implementation
C. Patient, Family, Community, and Society
D. Person, Environment, Health, and Nursing
Answer: D
Rationale: The nursing metaparadigm consists of person (the recipient of care),
environment (external/internal factors), health (state of being), and nursing (the attributes
and actions of the nurse).
4. The Nurse Practice Act (NPA) in each state is primarily designed to:
A. Provide legal defense for nurses in malpractice suits
B. Set the salary scales for registered nurses
C. Define the curriculum for nursing schools
D. Protect the public from unqualified practitioners
Answer: D
Rationale: The primary purpose of the Nurse Practice Act is to protect the public by
regulating the scope of nursing practice and ensuring practitioners are qualified.
5. In Benner’s stages of nursing proficiency, a nurse who has been in the same
clinical position for 2 to 3 years and can anticipate care is at which level?
A. Novice
B. Advanced Beginner
C. Competent
D. Proficient
Answer: C
Rationale: The competent nurse has usually been in the same clinical position for 2 to 3
years and understands the organization and specific care required for a group of patients.
, 6. Which ethical principle refers to the commitment to include patients in
decisions about all aspects of their care?
A. Beneficence
B. Justice
C. Fidelity
D. Autonomy
Answer: D
Rationale: Autonomy refers to freedom from external control and involves the patient’s
right to make their own healthcare decisions.
7. A nurse is acting as a patient advocate when they:
A. Perform a complex dressing change correctly
B. Help a patient express their values and rights to the healthcare team
C. Administer medications on time
D. Document vital signs accurately
Answer: B
Rationale: Advocacy involves standing up for the patient’s rights and ensuring their voice
is heard in the medical decision-making process.
8. Which organization is responsible for the Nursing Code of Ethics in the United
States?
A. The Joint Commission (TJC)
B. National League for Nursing (NLN)
C. American Nurses Association (ANA)
D. International Council of Nurses (ICN)
E. none
Answer: C
