NRS 508 Exam 1 Study Guide
Define the Nursing Process - answer A way to organize thoughts and make clinical
judgments and reasoning. Involves critical thinking processes used to apply best
practices and deliver best nursing care.
5 Steps of Nursing Process (ADPIE) - answer Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning - Outcomes and Goals
Implementation
Evaluation
Assessment - answerVital Signs, Physical Exam/observation, Subjective & Objective
data collection
Diagnosis - answerNursing Diagnosis is the treatment of the human response to health
and wellness
Planning - answerGoals of care related to their diagnosis, prioritizing treatment, SMART
goals
Implemmentation - answerTreatment, health teaching, health promotion, coordination of
care, communication and collaboration with the healthcare team
Evaluation - answerDid the interventions work? Examine from the pts point of view &
ask them!
If not, try the process again and make changes
Clinical Reasoning - answerAn acquired skill that allows you to recognize that further
observations are needed to clarify information and begin to identify a patient's health
problems
Asepsis - Overarching Definition - answerAbsence of pathogenic microorganisms
Aseptic Technique - answerImplementation of Infection Control and Prevention
Medical Asepsis - answer- Reduces the number of pathogens
- Referred to as "clean technique"
- Won't eliminate all pathogens
Medical Asepsis is used in... (5 Main Things) - answerRegular Procedures such as:
Med Administration
Enemas
, Tube Feedings
Daily Hygiene
Daily Cleaning
Surgical Asepsis - answer- Eliminates all pathogens
- Referred to as "sterile technique"
- Requires sterile field
- Never leave sterile field
Surgical Asepsis is used during... (5 Main Things) - answerAny procedure that involves
open tissues or perforates the skin barrier:
Dressing Changes
Catheterizations
Surgical Procedures
Trauma
Burns
List the 6 Steps in the Chain of Infection - answer1. Pathogen/Infectious Agent
2. Reservoir
3. Portal of Exit
4. Mode of Transmission
5. Port of Entry
6. Susceptible Host
Define Pathogen / Infectious Agent - Step 1 - answerBacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites
etc.
Infection - answerWhen a pathogen invades tissues and begins growing within the host
Colonization - answerPresence of growth of microorganisms without tissue invasion or
damage
EX - Staph growing on skin but NOT an infection
Define Reservoir - Step 2 - answerRefers to where (and how) the pathogen survives &
awaits to be transmitted to a susceptible host
Can be humans, animals, food, water, soil & based on pH, light, source of nutrients
available for pathogen
Name the 2 types of human reservoirs - answer1. Acute - Symptomatic
2. Carriers
Define Port of EXIT - Step 3 - answerSite where the pathogen leaves the reservoir host
Can be via
Skin/mucus membranes
Respiratory Tract
Urinary Tract
Define the Nursing Process - answer A way to organize thoughts and make clinical
judgments and reasoning. Involves critical thinking processes used to apply best
practices and deliver best nursing care.
5 Steps of Nursing Process (ADPIE) - answer Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning - Outcomes and Goals
Implementation
Evaluation
Assessment - answerVital Signs, Physical Exam/observation, Subjective & Objective
data collection
Diagnosis - answerNursing Diagnosis is the treatment of the human response to health
and wellness
Planning - answerGoals of care related to their diagnosis, prioritizing treatment, SMART
goals
Implemmentation - answerTreatment, health teaching, health promotion, coordination of
care, communication and collaboration with the healthcare team
Evaluation - answerDid the interventions work? Examine from the pts point of view &
ask them!
If not, try the process again and make changes
Clinical Reasoning - answerAn acquired skill that allows you to recognize that further
observations are needed to clarify information and begin to identify a patient's health
problems
Asepsis - Overarching Definition - answerAbsence of pathogenic microorganisms
Aseptic Technique - answerImplementation of Infection Control and Prevention
Medical Asepsis - answer- Reduces the number of pathogens
- Referred to as "clean technique"
- Won't eliminate all pathogens
Medical Asepsis is used in... (5 Main Things) - answerRegular Procedures such as:
Med Administration
Enemas
, Tube Feedings
Daily Hygiene
Daily Cleaning
Surgical Asepsis - answer- Eliminates all pathogens
- Referred to as "sterile technique"
- Requires sterile field
- Never leave sterile field
Surgical Asepsis is used during... (5 Main Things) - answerAny procedure that involves
open tissues or perforates the skin barrier:
Dressing Changes
Catheterizations
Surgical Procedures
Trauma
Burns
List the 6 Steps in the Chain of Infection - answer1. Pathogen/Infectious Agent
2. Reservoir
3. Portal of Exit
4. Mode of Transmission
5. Port of Entry
6. Susceptible Host
Define Pathogen / Infectious Agent - Step 1 - answerBacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites
etc.
Infection - answerWhen a pathogen invades tissues and begins growing within the host
Colonization - answerPresence of growth of microorganisms without tissue invasion or
damage
EX - Staph growing on skin but NOT an infection
Define Reservoir - Step 2 - answerRefers to where (and how) the pathogen survives &
awaits to be transmitted to a susceptible host
Can be humans, animals, food, water, soil & based on pH, light, source of nutrients
available for pathogen
Name the 2 types of human reservoirs - answer1. Acute - Symptomatic
2. Carriers
Define Port of EXIT - Step 3 - answerSite where the pathogen leaves the reservoir host
Can be via
Skin/mucus membranes
Respiratory Tract
Urinary Tract
