PNB 2265 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH
100% CORRECT ANSWERS .
Integrated meal response - Correct Answer -path of food from mouth to rectum
Integrated meal response phases - Correct Answer -cephalic
gastric
intestinal
colonic
Two parts of GI tract - Correct Answer -alimentary canal
accessory organs
Alimentary canal - Correct Answer -mouth
esophagus
stomach
small intestines
large intestines
rectum
Accessory organs of GI trac - Correct Answer -salivary glands
liver
pancreas
gallbladder
Peritoneum - Correct Answer -serous membrane that surrounds GI system that
is different from others bc it folds in on itself and btwn the folds are fat deposits
1
,-made of parietal and visceral with peritoneal fluid between
Parietal peritoneum - Correct Answer -layer of serous membrane that lines the
walls of the abdominal cavity
Visceral peritoneum - Correct Answer -layer of serous membrane that covers
the surface of organs
Order of tissue layers in GI tract (wall to lumen) - Correct Answer -serosa
muscularis
submucosa
mucosa
Serosa - Correct Answer -outer layer of tube that is connective tissue wrapper
that holds things together, protects them, and is site of attachment
Muscularis externa - Correct Answer -smooth muscle layer that has two layers,
one longitudinal outer layer and one circular inner layer with a myenteric plexis
layer btwn
Muscularis externa layers (lumen to outer) - Correct Answer -circular layer
myenteric plexis
Longitudinal layer
Myenteric plexis - Correct Answer -nerve tissue layer btwn the layers of the
muscularis externa that controls smooth muscle contraction and is under
involuntary control by parasympathetic stimulation
Longitudinal layer muscularis externa - Correct Answer -outer layer that gives
you contractions that will make the tube shorter or longer (controls length)
2
,Circular layer muscularis externa - Correct Answer -inner layer that controls
radius of the tube
Submucosa - Correct Answer -loose connective tissue that binds things
together. Has large blood vessels, large lymphatic vessels (galt), and nerves
Galt - Correct Answer -submucosa (gut) associated lymphatic tissue that has a
lot of immune cells since this is a point of entry for pathogens
Mucosa layers - Correct Answer -muscularis mucosae
lamino propria
epithelium layer
Muscularis mucosae - Correct Answer -mucosa layer that is the muscle part that
shapes the surface of the mucosal layer
Lamina propria - Correct Answer -connective tissue mucosal layer with tiny
vessels (capillaries) and small lymphatic vessels
Epithelium layer (mucosa) - Correct Answer -mucosa layer closest to lumen
that has specializations depending on where in the GI tract
-has enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells, and mucin-producing cells
Submucosal plexus - Correct Answer -nerves in the submucosa layer
Enterodendocrine cells - Correct Answer -secretory cells in epithelia of mucosa
Enterocytes - Correct Answer -cells that do absorption in epithelia of mucosa
3
, Mucin-producing cells - Correct Answer -mucous producing cells in epithelia of
mucosa
Peristalsis - Correct Answer -motility of GI tract that produces forward
movment
-contraction of smooth muscle behind bolus to create high pressure behind and
low pressure in front
-found in esophagus, stomach, weak in small intestines, infrequently in large
intestine
Segmentation - Correct Answer -Coordinating contractions in front and behind
to create mixing
-proximal and distal contractions
-faster frequency behind to still slightly push things forward
-primarily in small intestines
Phasic contractions - Correct Answer -quick contractions that produce
movement (peristalsis and segmentation)
Tonic contractions - Correct Answer -smooth muscles contracts and stays
contracted to prevent backflow
-is in sphincters
Smooth muscle contractions - Correct Answer -can contract more than other
muscles due to diagonal filaments and doesn't have to worry about refractory
period
Smooth muscle contraction mechanism - Correct Answer -Uses MLCK to
phosphoryalte myosin chain and speed up ATP hydrolysis and promote
contraction
4
100% CORRECT ANSWERS .
Integrated meal response - Correct Answer -path of food from mouth to rectum
Integrated meal response phases - Correct Answer -cephalic
gastric
intestinal
colonic
Two parts of GI tract - Correct Answer -alimentary canal
accessory organs
Alimentary canal - Correct Answer -mouth
esophagus
stomach
small intestines
large intestines
rectum
Accessory organs of GI trac - Correct Answer -salivary glands
liver
pancreas
gallbladder
Peritoneum - Correct Answer -serous membrane that surrounds GI system that
is different from others bc it folds in on itself and btwn the folds are fat deposits
1
,-made of parietal and visceral with peritoneal fluid between
Parietal peritoneum - Correct Answer -layer of serous membrane that lines the
walls of the abdominal cavity
Visceral peritoneum - Correct Answer -layer of serous membrane that covers
the surface of organs
Order of tissue layers in GI tract (wall to lumen) - Correct Answer -serosa
muscularis
submucosa
mucosa
Serosa - Correct Answer -outer layer of tube that is connective tissue wrapper
that holds things together, protects them, and is site of attachment
Muscularis externa - Correct Answer -smooth muscle layer that has two layers,
one longitudinal outer layer and one circular inner layer with a myenteric plexis
layer btwn
Muscularis externa layers (lumen to outer) - Correct Answer -circular layer
myenteric plexis
Longitudinal layer
Myenteric plexis - Correct Answer -nerve tissue layer btwn the layers of the
muscularis externa that controls smooth muscle contraction and is under
involuntary control by parasympathetic stimulation
Longitudinal layer muscularis externa - Correct Answer -outer layer that gives
you contractions that will make the tube shorter or longer (controls length)
2
,Circular layer muscularis externa - Correct Answer -inner layer that controls
radius of the tube
Submucosa - Correct Answer -loose connective tissue that binds things
together. Has large blood vessels, large lymphatic vessels (galt), and nerves
Galt - Correct Answer -submucosa (gut) associated lymphatic tissue that has a
lot of immune cells since this is a point of entry for pathogens
Mucosa layers - Correct Answer -muscularis mucosae
lamino propria
epithelium layer
Muscularis mucosae - Correct Answer -mucosa layer that is the muscle part that
shapes the surface of the mucosal layer
Lamina propria - Correct Answer -connective tissue mucosal layer with tiny
vessels (capillaries) and small lymphatic vessels
Epithelium layer (mucosa) - Correct Answer -mucosa layer closest to lumen
that has specializations depending on where in the GI tract
-has enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells, and mucin-producing cells
Submucosal plexus - Correct Answer -nerves in the submucosa layer
Enterodendocrine cells - Correct Answer -secretory cells in epithelia of mucosa
Enterocytes - Correct Answer -cells that do absorption in epithelia of mucosa
3
, Mucin-producing cells - Correct Answer -mucous producing cells in epithelia of
mucosa
Peristalsis - Correct Answer -motility of GI tract that produces forward
movment
-contraction of smooth muscle behind bolus to create high pressure behind and
low pressure in front
-found in esophagus, stomach, weak in small intestines, infrequently in large
intestine
Segmentation - Correct Answer -Coordinating contractions in front and behind
to create mixing
-proximal and distal contractions
-faster frequency behind to still slightly push things forward
-primarily in small intestines
Phasic contractions - Correct Answer -quick contractions that produce
movement (peristalsis and segmentation)
Tonic contractions - Correct Answer -smooth muscles contracts and stays
contracted to prevent backflow
-is in sphincters
Smooth muscle contractions - Correct Answer -can contract more than other
muscles due to diagonal filaments and doesn't have to worry about refractory
period
Smooth muscle contraction mechanism - Correct Answer -Uses MLCK to
phosphoryalte myosin chain and speed up ATP hydrolysis and promote
contraction
4
