BACHOON MICROBIOLOGY FINAL, BACHOON TEST 2,
BACHOON MICROBIOLOGY TEST 2, GCSU MICROBIOLOGY
TEST 1 (BACHOON) || ACKNOWLEDGED ANSWERS 100%.
taxonomy correct answers science of classifying living organisms
taxa correct answers similar organisms are placed in the same taxa
systematics (phylogeny) correct answers study of evolutionary history of a group of organisms
phylogenetic relationship correct answers organisms with a common ancestor
2 types of prokaryotes correct answers bacteria and archaea
3 domains correct answers bacteria, archaea, eukarya
characteristics of domain bacteria correct answers pathogens & nonpathogens
have peptidoglycan in cell walls
characteristics of domain archaea correct answers no peptidoglycan in cell walls
dont cause diseases
often live in extreme environments and have weird metabolic processes
example of one of the earliest cells? correct answers thermotoga maritina: has genes similar to
archaea
3 types of archaea correct answers methanogens: strict anaerobes that produce methane from
CO2 and hydrogen
extreme halophiles: need high salt concentrations
,hyperthermophiles: grow in hot environments
endosymbiotic theory correct answers eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells living
inside one another as endosymbionts; the similarities between typical prokaryotes and eukaryotic
organelles provide a lot of evidence for this to be true
examples of fossilized microbes correct answers marine protist, stromatolites, cyanobacteria
*most types of bacteria aren't easily fossilized
when was the term prokaryote introduced? correct answers 1937
molecular clock & example of how it was used correct answers for evolution, based on
nucleotide sequences in genomes of organisms; comparing the number of mutations between two
organisms can help show when they diverged from each other
example: tracking the west nile virus to the US
binomial nomenclature correct answers giving an organism two names
genus & species
eukaryotic species correct answers group of closely related organisms that breed among
themselves
typical taxonomic hierarchy (in order from least specific to most specific) correct answers
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
,genus
species
what part of the taxonomic hierarchy is excluded for both archaea and bacteria? correct answers
kingdom
Bergey's Manual correct answers provides descriptions for each species of bacteria
*classification is based on similarities in rRNA nucleotide sequences
prokaryotic species correct answers population of cells with similar characteristics
ex. gram +, spore forming, flagella
clone vs strain correct answers a pure culture of bacteria that are all exactly the same as the
parent cell
strains are pure cultures where there are slight differences between the offspring and the parents
what percent of homology must prokaryotes have to be considered part of the same prokaryotic
species? correct answers at least 70% of the DNA must be the same
viral species correct answers population of viruses with similar characteristics (morphology,
genes, enzymes) that occupy a particular ecological niche
3 hypotheses on the origin of viruses correct answers -arose independently from replicating
strands of nucleic acid
-developed from degenerative cells that lost the ability to survive indenpendently
-coevolved with host cells
different ways that prokaryotes are identified correct answers metabolic reactions, cell walls,
differential staining, habitat, source, morphology (flagella, endospores)
, transport media correct answers not nutritive, designed to prolong viability of pathogens
ex. swabbing a throat and putting it in a tube to transport it
cell morphology tells us little about ________ _____________ but it is useful for ________
bacteria. correct answers phylogenetic relationships
identifying
enteric bacteria correct answers gram -, live in GI tract, some cause illness, all are oxidase
negative
ex. salmonella, shigella, enterobacter
rapid identification methods & numerical identification correct answers manufactured for groups
of medically important bacteria (ex. enterics)
perform several biochemical tests simultaneously and identify bacteria within 4-24 hours
*results of each test is assigned a number
serology correct answers studies serum and immune responses that are evident in serum
antiserum correct answers solutions of antibodies produced against antigens used in the
identification of many medically important microorganisms
*unknown bacteria can be tested against known antiserum and identified based on reactions
slide agglutination test correct answers samples of unknown bacteria are placed in drop of saline
on slides, different antiserum added to each, and the bacteria clump (agglutinate) when mixed
with antibodies produced in response to that species or bacteria
serological testing correct answers can distinguish between not only species, but strains within
the species
BACHOON MICROBIOLOGY TEST 2, GCSU MICROBIOLOGY
TEST 1 (BACHOON) || ACKNOWLEDGED ANSWERS 100%.
taxonomy correct answers science of classifying living organisms
taxa correct answers similar organisms are placed in the same taxa
systematics (phylogeny) correct answers study of evolutionary history of a group of organisms
phylogenetic relationship correct answers organisms with a common ancestor
2 types of prokaryotes correct answers bacteria and archaea
3 domains correct answers bacteria, archaea, eukarya
characteristics of domain bacteria correct answers pathogens & nonpathogens
have peptidoglycan in cell walls
characteristics of domain archaea correct answers no peptidoglycan in cell walls
dont cause diseases
often live in extreme environments and have weird metabolic processes
example of one of the earliest cells? correct answers thermotoga maritina: has genes similar to
archaea
3 types of archaea correct answers methanogens: strict anaerobes that produce methane from
CO2 and hydrogen
extreme halophiles: need high salt concentrations
,hyperthermophiles: grow in hot environments
endosymbiotic theory correct answers eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells living
inside one another as endosymbionts; the similarities between typical prokaryotes and eukaryotic
organelles provide a lot of evidence for this to be true
examples of fossilized microbes correct answers marine protist, stromatolites, cyanobacteria
*most types of bacteria aren't easily fossilized
when was the term prokaryote introduced? correct answers 1937
molecular clock & example of how it was used correct answers for evolution, based on
nucleotide sequences in genomes of organisms; comparing the number of mutations between two
organisms can help show when they diverged from each other
example: tracking the west nile virus to the US
binomial nomenclature correct answers giving an organism two names
genus & species
eukaryotic species correct answers group of closely related organisms that breed among
themselves
typical taxonomic hierarchy (in order from least specific to most specific) correct answers
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
,genus
species
what part of the taxonomic hierarchy is excluded for both archaea and bacteria? correct answers
kingdom
Bergey's Manual correct answers provides descriptions for each species of bacteria
*classification is based on similarities in rRNA nucleotide sequences
prokaryotic species correct answers population of cells with similar characteristics
ex. gram +, spore forming, flagella
clone vs strain correct answers a pure culture of bacteria that are all exactly the same as the
parent cell
strains are pure cultures where there are slight differences between the offspring and the parents
what percent of homology must prokaryotes have to be considered part of the same prokaryotic
species? correct answers at least 70% of the DNA must be the same
viral species correct answers population of viruses with similar characteristics (morphology,
genes, enzymes) that occupy a particular ecological niche
3 hypotheses on the origin of viruses correct answers -arose independently from replicating
strands of nucleic acid
-developed from degenerative cells that lost the ability to survive indenpendently
-coevolved with host cells
different ways that prokaryotes are identified correct answers metabolic reactions, cell walls,
differential staining, habitat, source, morphology (flagella, endospores)
, transport media correct answers not nutritive, designed to prolong viability of pathogens
ex. swabbing a throat and putting it in a tube to transport it
cell morphology tells us little about ________ _____________ but it is useful for ________
bacteria. correct answers phylogenetic relationships
identifying
enteric bacteria correct answers gram -, live in GI tract, some cause illness, all are oxidase
negative
ex. salmonella, shigella, enterobacter
rapid identification methods & numerical identification correct answers manufactured for groups
of medically important bacteria (ex. enterics)
perform several biochemical tests simultaneously and identify bacteria within 4-24 hours
*results of each test is assigned a number
serology correct answers studies serum and immune responses that are evident in serum
antiserum correct answers solutions of antibodies produced against antigens used in the
identification of many medically important microorganisms
*unknown bacteria can be tested against known antiserum and identified based on reactions
slide agglutination test correct answers samples of unknown bacteria are placed in drop of saline
on slides, different antiserum added to each, and the bacteria clump (agglutinate) when mixed
with antibodies produced in response to that species or bacteria
serological testing correct answers can distinguish between not only species, but strains within
the species
