BIOL 2051 Exam 1 (CH 1-6) Test
Questions and All Correct Answers
2025-2026 Updated.
Bacterial cells that are variable in shape are called - Answer pleomorphic
Which group of microbes contains organisms necessary for production of wine and bread?
a) Archaea
b) Bacteria
c) Fungi
d) Algae - Answer c (fungi)
What is the most compelling reason why DNA, rather than RNA, evolved to be the storage
repository for genetic information in cellular life forms?
a) DNA molecules are more chemically stable than RNA molecules.
b) DNA has deoxyribose rather than ribose.
c) DNA is double-stranded rather than single-stranded. - Answer a (DNA molecules are more
chemically stable than RNA molecules)
Which of the following experiments is used to identify new pathogens?
a) Stanley Miller experiment
b) Koch postulates
c) Pasteur's swan-neck experiment
d) Endosymbiotic theory - Answer b (Koch's postulates)
,Who of the following developed a set of criteria that could be used to establish a causative link
between a particular microorganism and a particular disease?
a) Fracastoro
b)Pasteur
c)Lister
d)Koch - Answer d (Robert Koch)
Proteins function in modern cells as - Answer both catalysts and structural elements
Select a harmful effect that can result from bacterial colonization of the human body.
a) Immune system development
b) Production of vitamins
c) Digestion of food
d) Invasion of host cells - Answer d (Invasion of host cells)
T/F: Viruses and bacteria were first cultured in the laboratory at about the same time. - Answer
false
Check all of the following that showcases how microbes can be used by people.
Check All That Apply:
a) Production of breads
b) Production of cheeses
c) Production of antibiotics
, d) Production of vitamins
e) Production of enzymes used for many different industrial applications - Answer all of the
above
Antiseptic surgery was pioneered by - Answer Joseph Lister
Cells with a relatively simple cell morphology that do not have a true membrane-delimited
nucleus are called - Answer prokaryotes
Choose the incorrect statement about Koch's postulates.
a) Isolating the microorganism from all cases of the disease
b)Isolation of the microorganism in pure culture in the lab
c) Infecting an animal model without causing symptoms of the same disease
d) Infecting a suitable animal model and causing symptoms of the same disease - Answer c
(Infecting an animal model without causing symptoms of the same disease)
The proper sequence of reagents in the Gram stain procedure is - Answer crystal violet,
iodine, ethanol, safranin
After performing a Gram stain of a mixed culture of Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells, you
shout: "Oops, I forgot the iodine step!" What would you expect to see if you observed the slide
under the microscope? - Answer both pink Gram-positve and Gram-negative cells
The Gram stain of a bacterial cell is based on the chemical properties of its ________. - Answer
cell wall
T/F: Acetone can be used as the decolorizer in the Gram stain procedure. - Answer true
T/F: The Gram stain can only be performed on cultures grown in liquid media. - Answer false
The apparent increase in size of an image - Answer magnification
Questions and All Correct Answers
2025-2026 Updated.
Bacterial cells that are variable in shape are called - Answer pleomorphic
Which group of microbes contains organisms necessary for production of wine and bread?
a) Archaea
b) Bacteria
c) Fungi
d) Algae - Answer c (fungi)
What is the most compelling reason why DNA, rather than RNA, evolved to be the storage
repository for genetic information in cellular life forms?
a) DNA molecules are more chemically stable than RNA molecules.
b) DNA has deoxyribose rather than ribose.
c) DNA is double-stranded rather than single-stranded. - Answer a (DNA molecules are more
chemically stable than RNA molecules)
Which of the following experiments is used to identify new pathogens?
a) Stanley Miller experiment
b) Koch postulates
c) Pasteur's swan-neck experiment
d) Endosymbiotic theory - Answer b (Koch's postulates)
,Who of the following developed a set of criteria that could be used to establish a causative link
between a particular microorganism and a particular disease?
a) Fracastoro
b)Pasteur
c)Lister
d)Koch - Answer d (Robert Koch)
Proteins function in modern cells as - Answer both catalysts and structural elements
Select a harmful effect that can result from bacterial colonization of the human body.
a) Immune system development
b) Production of vitamins
c) Digestion of food
d) Invasion of host cells - Answer d (Invasion of host cells)
T/F: Viruses and bacteria were first cultured in the laboratory at about the same time. - Answer
false
Check all of the following that showcases how microbes can be used by people.
Check All That Apply:
a) Production of breads
b) Production of cheeses
c) Production of antibiotics
, d) Production of vitamins
e) Production of enzymes used for many different industrial applications - Answer all of the
above
Antiseptic surgery was pioneered by - Answer Joseph Lister
Cells with a relatively simple cell morphology that do not have a true membrane-delimited
nucleus are called - Answer prokaryotes
Choose the incorrect statement about Koch's postulates.
a) Isolating the microorganism from all cases of the disease
b)Isolation of the microorganism in pure culture in the lab
c) Infecting an animal model without causing symptoms of the same disease
d) Infecting a suitable animal model and causing symptoms of the same disease - Answer c
(Infecting an animal model without causing symptoms of the same disease)
The proper sequence of reagents in the Gram stain procedure is - Answer crystal violet,
iodine, ethanol, safranin
After performing a Gram stain of a mixed culture of Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells, you
shout: "Oops, I forgot the iodine step!" What would you expect to see if you observed the slide
under the microscope? - Answer both pink Gram-positve and Gram-negative cells
The Gram stain of a bacterial cell is based on the chemical properties of its ________. - Answer
cell wall
T/F: Acetone can be used as the decolorizer in the Gram stain procedure. - Answer true
T/F: The Gram stain can only be performed on cultures grown in liquid media. - Answer false
The apparent increase in size of an image - Answer magnification
