NSG-522 Final Exam Questions With Complete Solutions
T/F: Newborn infants can be protected by immunizing the
mother during pregnancy
true
T/F: Mothers can receive all vaccinations during pregnancy.
false; mothers can receive select vaccinations during pregnancy
determinants of health
biological, environmental, social, health behaviors
biological sources of disease
congenital
hereditary
infectious
inflammatory
metabolic
nutritional
tumors
vascular
environmental sources of disease
allergens
chemical exposures
infectious organisms
nutrition
physical agents
trauma
,social determinants of health
The conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and
age, shaped by the distribution of money, power, and resources
at global, national, and local levels
behaviors that impact health
nutrition
immunizations
contraceptive use
tobacco use
alcohol use
illicit substance use
physical activity
rest and relaxation
seat belt use
bike helmet use
sun screen use
hygiene (hand washing)
primary prevention
Used during the stage of susceptibility, before any disease
process has started. Protects against the disease by:
- Placing the host in good health
- Protecting against disease (e.g., immunization)
- Public health measures
secondary prevention
Used during the preclinical (latent) and early clinical stages of
disease; screening.
, Early detection and prompt intervention to control the disease
and minimize or eliminate complications
tertiary prevention
Used during the advanced stage of disease or when disability has
occurred.
Measures aimed at reducing the long term impact of disease and
disability.
strength of association (Bradford Hill criteria)
effect size; a small association does not mean that there is not a
causal effect, though the larger the association, the more likely
that it is causal
consistency (Bradford Hill criteria)
reproducibility; upheld when multiple epidemiologic studies
using a variety of locations, populations, and methods show a
consistent association between two variables with respect to the
null hypothesis
specificity (Bradford Hill criteria)
associations are more likely to be causal when they are specific,
meaning the exposure causes only one disease
temporality (Bradford Hill criteria)
for an exposure-disease relationship to be causal, exposure must
precede the onset of disease
biological gradient (Bradford Hill criteria)
T/F: Newborn infants can be protected by immunizing the
mother during pregnancy
true
T/F: Mothers can receive all vaccinations during pregnancy.
false; mothers can receive select vaccinations during pregnancy
determinants of health
biological, environmental, social, health behaviors
biological sources of disease
congenital
hereditary
infectious
inflammatory
metabolic
nutritional
tumors
vascular
environmental sources of disease
allergens
chemical exposures
infectious organisms
nutrition
physical agents
trauma
,social determinants of health
The conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and
age, shaped by the distribution of money, power, and resources
at global, national, and local levels
behaviors that impact health
nutrition
immunizations
contraceptive use
tobacco use
alcohol use
illicit substance use
physical activity
rest and relaxation
seat belt use
bike helmet use
sun screen use
hygiene (hand washing)
primary prevention
Used during the stage of susceptibility, before any disease
process has started. Protects against the disease by:
- Placing the host in good health
- Protecting against disease (e.g., immunization)
- Public health measures
secondary prevention
Used during the preclinical (latent) and early clinical stages of
disease; screening.
, Early detection and prompt intervention to control the disease
and minimize or eliminate complications
tertiary prevention
Used during the advanced stage of disease or when disability has
occurred.
Measures aimed at reducing the long term impact of disease and
disability.
strength of association (Bradford Hill criteria)
effect size; a small association does not mean that there is not a
causal effect, though the larger the association, the more likely
that it is causal
consistency (Bradford Hill criteria)
reproducibility; upheld when multiple epidemiologic studies
using a variety of locations, populations, and methods show a
consistent association between two variables with respect to the
null hypothesis
specificity (Bradford Hill criteria)
associations are more likely to be causal when they are specific,
meaning the exposure causes only one disease
temporality (Bradford Hill criteria)
for an exposure-disease relationship to be causal, exposure must
precede the onset of disease
biological gradient (Bradford Hill criteria)
