Behavioral neuro exam 3
releases hormones into the bloodstream that
can act all over the body and in the brain
part of the diencephalon that sits below the
secretory hypothalamus thalamus - collection of many nuclei (sub-
regions)
thermostat of the body, regulates
homeostasis
regulated by the hypothalamus and controls the
autonomic nervous system
function of internal organs, blood vessels, etc.
keeping the body in a narrow, optimal,
physiological range
homeostasis maintains temperature, blood pressure, salinity,
glucose, stress responses, social behavior,
feeding, sleep, etc.
lateral, medial, and periventricular zones
periventricular mostly release factors to the
blood stream
zones of the hypothalamus
composed of many interconnected
nuclei (branches of neurons)
connected to the pituitary gland
extends below the brain where it is held in a
delicate bone cradle
anterior and posterior lobes
pituitary gland
“mouthpiece” by which the brain speaks to the
body and release to the bloodstream
has 2 modes of communication
posterior pituitary magnocellular (big) neurosecretory cells in the
hypothalamus project to here
release oxytocin and vasopressin in the
bloodstream directly
, cells reside in the hypothalamus, by is secreted
by this
important for social behavior, labor (parturition),
oxytocin
and lactation, projected by hypothalamus
anti-duretic hormone (ADH) (prevents water
vasopressin loss), regulates water balance (important in
kidney), and also social behavior
parvocellular (small) neurosecretory cells in the
hypothalamus project here
anterior pituitary
an actual gland itself, secretes hormones
in response to hypothalamic inputs
1. parvocellular neurosecretory cells -
transport hormones in axons
2. hypophysiotropic hormones released
(from hypothalamus to anterior),
anterior pituitary pathway hormone transport in blood
3. stimulation or inhibition of anterior
pituitary hormone release - hormone
transport in blood
4. action on organs of the body
from the hypothalamus, released into
hypothalamic-pituitary portal circulation and
hypophysiotropic hormones
stimulate or inhibit anterior pituitary hormone
secreting cells
Gonads
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
ovulation, spermatogenesis
gonads
luteinizing hormone (LH)
ovarian and sperm maturation
thyroid
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyrotropin
thyroxin secretion (increases metabolic rate)
adrenal cortex
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH),
corticotropin cortisol secretion, mobilizes energy stores,
inhibits immune system, etc
growth hormone (GH) prolactin all cells
mammary glands
, stimulation of protein synthesis, growth and
milk secretion
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA axis) controls stress responses, cortisol release
thermostat-like function allows for maintenance
of homeostasis
neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus are
negative feedback loops sensitive to the hormones that are secreted in
their pathways
when high levels get too high they can
shut off production
physical exertion, acute injury, predator-prey
acute physical stressors
interaction, emergency
illness, starvation/obesity, altitude exposure,
chronic physical stressors
heat/cold exposure
decrease in:
saliva production
fight or flight: down regulation, not necessary digestion
for stressful moment filtration
food movement
reproduction
increase in:
attention and vigilance
pupil dilation
fight or flight: upregulation, necessary for breathing
stressful moment blood pressure and heart rate
blood sugar and fat concentrations,
vessel constriction
contraction strength (trembling)
HPA axis pathway 1. stressor is perceived
2. hypothalamus releases corticotropin
releasing hormone (CRH) in the capillary
beds of the hypophyseal portal system
3. anterior pituitary cells secrete
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in
the bloodstream in response to CRH,
goes all over body
releases hormones into the bloodstream that
can act all over the body and in the brain
part of the diencephalon that sits below the
secretory hypothalamus thalamus - collection of many nuclei (sub-
regions)
thermostat of the body, regulates
homeostasis
regulated by the hypothalamus and controls the
autonomic nervous system
function of internal organs, blood vessels, etc.
keeping the body in a narrow, optimal,
physiological range
homeostasis maintains temperature, blood pressure, salinity,
glucose, stress responses, social behavior,
feeding, sleep, etc.
lateral, medial, and periventricular zones
periventricular mostly release factors to the
blood stream
zones of the hypothalamus
composed of many interconnected
nuclei (branches of neurons)
connected to the pituitary gland
extends below the brain where it is held in a
delicate bone cradle
anterior and posterior lobes
pituitary gland
“mouthpiece” by which the brain speaks to the
body and release to the bloodstream
has 2 modes of communication
posterior pituitary magnocellular (big) neurosecretory cells in the
hypothalamus project to here
release oxytocin and vasopressin in the
bloodstream directly
, cells reside in the hypothalamus, by is secreted
by this
important for social behavior, labor (parturition),
oxytocin
and lactation, projected by hypothalamus
anti-duretic hormone (ADH) (prevents water
vasopressin loss), regulates water balance (important in
kidney), and also social behavior
parvocellular (small) neurosecretory cells in the
hypothalamus project here
anterior pituitary
an actual gland itself, secretes hormones
in response to hypothalamic inputs
1. parvocellular neurosecretory cells -
transport hormones in axons
2. hypophysiotropic hormones released
(from hypothalamus to anterior),
anterior pituitary pathway hormone transport in blood
3. stimulation or inhibition of anterior
pituitary hormone release - hormone
transport in blood
4. action on organs of the body
from the hypothalamus, released into
hypothalamic-pituitary portal circulation and
hypophysiotropic hormones
stimulate or inhibit anterior pituitary hormone
secreting cells
Gonads
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
ovulation, spermatogenesis
gonads
luteinizing hormone (LH)
ovarian and sperm maturation
thyroid
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyrotropin
thyroxin secretion (increases metabolic rate)
adrenal cortex
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH),
corticotropin cortisol secretion, mobilizes energy stores,
inhibits immune system, etc
growth hormone (GH) prolactin all cells
mammary glands
, stimulation of protein synthesis, growth and
milk secretion
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA axis) controls stress responses, cortisol release
thermostat-like function allows for maintenance
of homeostasis
neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus are
negative feedback loops sensitive to the hormones that are secreted in
their pathways
when high levels get too high they can
shut off production
physical exertion, acute injury, predator-prey
acute physical stressors
interaction, emergency
illness, starvation/obesity, altitude exposure,
chronic physical stressors
heat/cold exposure
decrease in:
saliva production
fight or flight: down regulation, not necessary digestion
for stressful moment filtration
food movement
reproduction
increase in:
attention and vigilance
pupil dilation
fight or flight: upregulation, necessary for breathing
stressful moment blood pressure and heart rate
blood sugar and fat concentrations,
vessel constriction
contraction strength (trembling)
HPA axis pathway 1. stressor is perceived
2. hypothalamus releases corticotropin
releasing hormone (CRH) in the capillary
beds of the hypophyseal portal system
3. anterior pituitary cells secrete
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in
the bloodstream in response to CRH,
goes all over body
