Maternity Study Guide
Maternal and Newborn Nursing
, Maternity Study Guide:
Pregnancy
Naegele’s Rule (1, 3, 7)
- Start with 1st day of LMP
- Count back 3 months + 7 days
- Double check by adding 9 months + 7 days
Gravida and Parity T – full term (> 37 weeks)
- Gravida - # pregnancies P – preterm (20-37 weeks)
- Para - # pregnancies > 20 weeks A – abortions (< 20 weeks therapeutic/spontaneous)
o Twins = 1 parity L – living children
Signs of Pregnancy
Presumptive Signs Probable Signs Positive Signs
(subjective by mom) (HCP objective signs) (Baby)
- Amenorrhea - Goodell sign (inspection) - Ultrasound
- Fatigue - Chadwick sign - X-ray
- Urinary frequency - Hegar sign (palpation) - Fetal heart rate
- Nausea/vomiting - + Urine pregnancy test - Palpable fetal
- Breast changes - Braxton Hicks contractions movements
- Quickening - Ballottement
Trimesters
First (1-13 weeks) Second (14-26 weeks) Third (27 weeks to term)
At 8 weeks: At 20 weeks: At 32 weeks:
- Fetal heart rate - Abortion cut-off date - Fetal lung maturity
- Goodell, Chadwick and (considered stillbirth after) - Fundus at xiphoid
Hedwick sign - Fundus at umbilicus Weight: 1800-2200 g
Weight: 2g - Quickening Normal Birth Weight: >3200g
Weight: 200-400g (7lb)
Signs & Symptoms
- Breast tenderness - Supine hypotension - Shortness of breath
- Nausea - Food cravings - Return of urinary
- Urinary frequency/urgency - Heartburn frequency
- Leukorrhea - Constipation - Leg cramps
- Ptyalism (excessive salivation) - Varicose veins - Ankle edema
Hormones During Pregnancy
Hormone Function
Beta HCG Earliest biologic marker for pregnancy
Estrogen Contributes to musculoskeletal joint and ligament relaxation in pregnancy; increases vascularity;
decreases mother’s ability to use insulin
Progester Slows gastrointestinal tract motility and digestion contributing to constipation and/or heartburn
in pregnancy; relaxes smooth muscles, decreasing uterine contractility
one
Responsible for initial lactation
Stimulates the milk ejection reflex; stimulates uterine contractions
Prolactin
Oxytocin
1
, Physiological Changes in Pregnancy
Maternal and Newborn Nursing
, Maternity Study Guide:
Pregnancy
Naegele’s Rule (1, 3, 7)
- Start with 1st day of LMP
- Count back 3 months + 7 days
- Double check by adding 9 months + 7 days
Gravida and Parity T – full term (> 37 weeks)
- Gravida - # pregnancies P – preterm (20-37 weeks)
- Para - # pregnancies > 20 weeks A – abortions (< 20 weeks therapeutic/spontaneous)
o Twins = 1 parity L – living children
Signs of Pregnancy
Presumptive Signs Probable Signs Positive Signs
(subjective by mom) (HCP objective signs) (Baby)
- Amenorrhea - Goodell sign (inspection) - Ultrasound
- Fatigue - Chadwick sign - X-ray
- Urinary frequency - Hegar sign (palpation) - Fetal heart rate
- Nausea/vomiting - + Urine pregnancy test - Palpable fetal
- Breast changes - Braxton Hicks contractions movements
- Quickening - Ballottement
Trimesters
First (1-13 weeks) Second (14-26 weeks) Third (27 weeks to term)
At 8 weeks: At 20 weeks: At 32 weeks:
- Fetal heart rate - Abortion cut-off date - Fetal lung maturity
- Goodell, Chadwick and (considered stillbirth after) - Fundus at xiphoid
Hedwick sign - Fundus at umbilicus Weight: 1800-2200 g
Weight: 2g - Quickening Normal Birth Weight: >3200g
Weight: 200-400g (7lb)
Signs & Symptoms
- Breast tenderness - Supine hypotension - Shortness of breath
- Nausea - Food cravings - Return of urinary
- Urinary frequency/urgency - Heartburn frequency
- Leukorrhea - Constipation - Leg cramps
- Ptyalism (excessive salivation) - Varicose veins - Ankle edema
Hormones During Pregnancy
Hormone Function
Beta HCG Earliest biologic marker for pregnancy
Estrogen Contributes to musculoskeletal joint and ligament relaxation in pregnancy; increases vascularity;
decreases mother’s ability to use insulin
Progester Slows gastrointestinal tract motility and digestion contributing to constipation and/or heartburn
in pregnancy; relaxes smooth muscles, decreasing uterine contractility
one
Responsible for initial lactation
Stimulates the milk ejection reflex; stimulates uterine contractions
Prolactin
Oxytocin
1
, Physiological Changes in Pregnancy
