Exam (elaborations) NURSING NU1005

1. What types of drugs prevent or control nausea/vomiting? 2. How is retching different from vomiting? 3. Nausea/vomiting from which cause is helped best by antihistamines? 4. Which common drug for nausea/vomiting is a 5HT3-receptor antagonist? a. Metoclopramide 5. Which drug for nausea/vomiting can cause decreased sweating and increased risk for overheating? a. Meclizine (Antivert) b. Ondansetron (Zofran) c. Trimethobenzamide (Tigan) d. Prochlorperazine (Compazine) 6. Which drug for nausea/vomiting can cause muscle spasms of the jaw, neck, and back when given to children? a. Meclizine (Antivert) b. Metoclopramide (Reglan) c. Trimethobenzamide (Tigan) d. Prochlorperazine (Compazine) 7. Which drug used to treat constipation is an osmotic laxative? a. Methylcellulose b. Lubiprostone c. Castor oil d. Docusate 8. Which drug used to treat constipation is a lubricant? a. Bisacodyl b. Lubiprostone c. Castor oil d. Docusate ANS: C Lubricants coat the surface of stool and help it hold water so the body can more easily expel it. Lubricants include castor oil and glycerin suppositories. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 364 9. Which problems are the most common side effects of drugs used to treat constipation? a. Abdominal cramps and diarrhea b. Hypertension and swollen feet c. Skin rash and blurred vision d. Insomnia and infection ANS: A The most common side effects of drugs for constipation are diarrhea, abdominal cramps, abdominal distention, and nausea. For a list of common side effect for individual constipation drugs, see Table 22-3 in the text. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 365 10. Which drug used to treat diarrhea is an antimotility drug? a. Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) b. Calcium polycarbophil (FiberCon) c. Metoclopramide (Reglan) d. Loperamide (Imodium) ANS: D Antimotility drugs slow down peristalsis (movement) in the gastrointestinal (GI) track, and are used to treat diarrhea. Loperamide (Imodium) is an antimotility drug. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 368 11. Which laboratory value must be monitored after a patient takes bisacodyl (Dulcolax) for constipation? a. Sodium b. Potassium c. Creatinine d. Blood urea nitrogen ANS: B A common side effect of bisacodyl is hypokalemia (low blood potassium). You must monitor this value when a patient is prescribed this drug and report decreased values to the prescriber. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 365 ADVANCED CONCEPTS 12. Which statement about normal bowel function is true? a. Bowel movements should occur once a day every day. b. Bowel movement frequency is more important than their consistency. c. Bowel movements are very simple processes. d. Bowel movements should be soft and easily pass out of the bowel. ANS: D Normal bowel function varies from individual to individual, from several times a day to several times a week. Consistency is more important than frequency. Stool should be soft enough to pass easily from the bowel, but not liquid. Bowel movements are a complex process involving several muscles and nerves located on the pelvic floor. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p. 356 13. Which statement about the vomiting reflex is accurate? a. The vomiting process consists of four phases. b. Retching precedes vomiting in the process. c. Nausea usually occurs prior to vomiting. d. Vomiting may be a reflex or a voluntary action. ANS: C The vomiting process involves three phases: nausea, vomiting, and retching. Nausea usually occurs before vomiting, and retching occurs after vomiting. Vomiting is a reflex, not a voluntary action. .......................................CONTINUED..............................................