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NUR 257 Exam 3 Aging and Chronic Illness 2026/2027
Comprehensive Review with Verified Answers and
Detailed Rationales NGN Grade A
1. The four key considerations in the regulation of glucose metabolism are:
A. Hormonal regulation, neural regulation, exercise, and stress
B. Diet, exercise, medication, and sleep
C. Insulin production, glucagon secretion, liver function, and kidney function
D. Carbohydrate intake, protein intake, fat intake, and physical activity
Correct Answer: Hormonal regulation, neural regulation, exercise, and stress
Rationale: These four factors are key considerations in the regulation of glucose
metabolism.
2. Glucose is produced from endogenous glycogen stored in the:
A. Liver only
B. Muscles and liver
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C. Pancreas and kidneys
D. Adipose tissue
Correct Answer: Muscles and liver
Rationale: Endogenous glycogen is stored in the muscles and liver and can be broken
down to produce glucose.
3. Glycogenolysis is defined as:
A. The process by which glucose is converted to glycogen for storage
B. The process by which glycogen is broken down into glucose to maintain blood glucose
levels
C. The production of new glucose from non-carbohydrate sources
D. The uptake of glucose by cells for energy
Correct Answer: The process by which glycogen is broken down into glucose to
maintain blood glucose levels
Rationale: Glycogenolysis breaks down glycogen into glucose to maintain blood glucose
levels.
4. Major cardiovascular diseases include which of the following? (Select All That
Apply)
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A. Hypertension (HTN)
B. Coronary heart disease (CHD)
C. Myocardial infarction (MI)
D. Angina
E. Heart failure (HF)
Correct Answer: Hypertension (HTN), Coronary heart disease (CHD), Myocardial
infarction (MI), Angina, Heart failure (HF)
Rationale: All of these are major cardiovascular diseases.
5. Hypertension is diagnosed when:
A. Diastolic BP is 80 mm Hg or higher or systolic BP is 120 mm Hg or higher
B. Diastolic BP is 90 mm Hg or higher or systolic BP is 140 mm Hg or higher
C. Diastolic BP is 100 mm Hg or higher or systolic BP is 160 mm Hg or higher
D. Diastolic BP is 120 mm Hg or higher or systolic BP is 180 mm Hg or higher
Correct Answer: Diastolic BP is 90 mm Hg or higher or systolic BP is 140 mm Hg or
higher
Rationale: Hypertension is diagnosed when diastolic BP ≥90 or systolic BP ≥140.
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6. Modifiable risk factors to minimize risk for heart disease include which of the
following? (Select All That Apply)
A. Control blood pressure
B. Maintain healthy triglyceride and cholesterol levels
C. Prevent or control diabetes
D. Cease or never use tobacco products
E. Eat a healthy diet and maintain acceptable weight
F. Engage in regular exercise
G. Control alcohol intake
H. Reduce stress and treat for depression
Correct Answer: Control blood pressure, Maintain healthy triglyceride and
cholesterol levels, Prevent or control diabetes, Cease or never use tobacco products,
Eat a healthy diet and maintain acceptable weight, Engage in regular exercise, Control
alcohol intake, Reduce stress and treat for depression
Rationale: All of these are modifiable risk factors for heart disease.
7. Complications of hypertension include which of the following? (Select All That
Apply)
A. Hemorrhagic stroke
NUR 257 Exam 3 Aging and Chronic Illness 2026/2027
Comprehensive Review with Verified Answers and
Detailed Rationales NGN Grade A
1. The four key considerations in the regulation of glucose metabolism are:
A. Hormonal regulation, neural regulation, exercise, and stress
B. Diet, exercise, medication, and sleep
C. Insulin production, glucagon secretion, liver function, and kidney function
D. Carbohydrate intake, protein intake, fat intake, and physical activity
Correct Answer: Hormonal regulation, neural regulation, exercise, and stress
Rationale: These four factors are key considerations in the regulation of glucose
metabolism.
2. Glucose is produced from endogenous glycogen stored in the:
A. Liver only
B. Muscles and liver
,2|Page
C. Pancreas and kidneys
D. Adipose tissue
Correct Answer: Muscles and liver
Rationale: Endogenous glycogen is stored in the muscles and liver and can be broken
down to produce glucose.
3. Glycogenolysis is defined as:
A. The process by which glucose is converted to glycogen for storage
B. The process by which glycogen is broken down into glucose to maintain blood glucose
levels
C. The production of new glucose from non-carbohydrate sources
D. The uptake of glucose by cells for energy
Correct Answer: The process by which glycogen is broken down into glucose to
maintain blood glucose levels
Rationale: Glycogenolysis breaks down glycogen into glucose to maintain blood glucose
levels.
4. Major cardiovascular diseases include which of the following? (Select All That
Apply)
,3|Page
A. Hypertension (HTN)
B. Coronary heart disease (CHD)
C. Myocardial infarction (MI)
D. Angina
E. Heart failure (HF)
Correct Answer: Hypertension (HTN), Coronary heart disease (CHD), Myocardial
infarction (MI), Angina, Heart failure (HF)
Rationale: All of these are major cardiovascular diseases.
5. Hypertension is diagnosed when:
A. Diastolic BP is 80 mm Hg or higher or systolic BP is 120 mm Hg or higher
B. Diastolic BP is 90 mm Hg or higher or systolic BP is 140 mm Hg or higher
C. Diastolic BP is 100 mm Hg or higher or systolic BP is 160 mm Hg or higher
D. Diastolic BP is 120 mm Hg or higher or systolic BP is 180 mm Hg or higher
Correct Answer: Diastolic BP is 90 mm Hg or higher or systolic BP is 140 mm Hg or
higher
Rationale: Hypertension is diagnosed when diastolic BP ≥90 or systolic BP ≥140.
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6. Modifiable risk factors to minimize risk for heart disease include which of the
following? (Select All That Apply)
A. Control blood pressure
B. Maintain healthy triglyceride and cholesterol levels
C. Prevent or control diabetes
D. Cease or never use tobacco products
E. Eat a healthy diet and maintain acceptable weight
F. Engage in regular exercise
G. Control alcohol intake
H. Reduce stress and treat for depression
Correct Answer: Control blood pressure, Maintain healthy triglyceride and
cholesterol levels, Prevent or control diabetes, Cease or never use tobacco products,
Eat a healthy diet and maintain acceptable weight, Engage in regular exercise, Control
alcohol intake, Reduce stress and treat for depression
Rationale: All of these are modifiable risk factors for heart disease.
7. Complications of hypertension include which of the following? (Select All That
Apply)
A. Hemorrhagic stroke
