NPLEX 1 Exam Questions and Answers (Verified
Answers) Updated (Actual Exam) 2025\2026
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Terms in this set (402)
What type of bonds are base chains alpha 1-4
made up of?
What type of bonds are branch alpha 1-6
points made of?
How is fructose absorbed? Via facilitated diffusion
How is citric acid made? Oxaloacetate (C4) joins with Acetyl CoA (C2) to
make citric acid (C6)
Where does the electron transport At the inner membrane of the mitochondria
chain occur?
What is the primary rate-limiting Phosphofructokinase
enzyme in glycolysis?
What enzymes are required for Phosphofructokinase, hexokinase, glucokinase,
glycolysis? pyruvate kinase
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What are the monosaccharides? Glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose
What are the disaccharides? Sucrose, lactose, maltose, isomaltose
What type of bond does lactose Beta 1-4
have?
What breaks down polysaccharides The brush border enzymes
to monosaccharides?
What enzymes are needed for Glucose-6 phosphatase, F-1,6 diphosphatase,
gluconeogenesis? Pyruvate carboxykinase, pyruvate carboxylase
What stimulates gluconeogenesis? Epinephrine, cortisol, glucagon
What mainly controls liver glycogen The concentration of phosphorylase-a
metabolism?
What does increased cAMP do? Increases glycogenolysis, slows glycogenesis
What functions does the HMP-shunt 1. Makes NADPH
have? 2. Provides ribose residues
What are the essential fatty acids? Linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid
What is the rate-limiting step of The conversion of HMG CoA to mevalonate by
cholesterol synthesis? HMG CoA reductase
What type of receptor do ApoE receptors
chylomicrons dock on?
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What kind of receptors do LDL bind ApoB receptors
to?
What kind of receptors do HDL bind ApoA1 receptors
to?
What enzyme makes cholesterol ACAT enzyme
esters?
What enzyme breaks cholesterol CE hydroxylase
ester down into free cholesterol?
What enzyme converts desmosterol Delta 24 reductase
to cholesterol?
What are the essential amino acids? Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine,
Valine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan,
Arginine
What does Hydrolase do? Adds H2O to break bonds (hydrolysis)
What does Aldolase do? Cleaves C-C bonds to form aldehydes
What does dehydrogenase do? Removes H from substrate
What does hydratase do? Adds H2O to C-C bonds without breaking the
bonds, can also remove H2O to create a double
bond
What does Isomerase do? Converts between isomers
What does esterase do? Hydrolyzes ester linkages to form an alcohol and
an acid
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What is glutathione made up of? glutamine/glutamate, cysteine, glycine
What does Phase 1 of the liver detox Makes lipophilic compounds more water soluble
pathway do?
How do macrophages move in CT? Via pseudopods
What do mast cell granules contain? Heparin, histamine, serotonin, ECF-A, SRS-A, Ag
and IgE
Where do leukocytes act? In extravascular spaces
What is made of Type I collagen? Skin, tendons, organs, bones
What is made of Type II collagen? Cartilage
What is made of Type III collagen? Reticular fibers
What is made of Type IV collagen? Basal lamina
What is made of Type V collagen? Cell surfaces, hair, placenta
What percentage of erythrocytes is 33%
commonly hemoglobin?
What are the agranular leukocytes? Lymphocytes, monocytes
What are the granular leukocytes? Neutrophils, Eosiniphils, Basophils
What do platelets contain? Serotonin, ADP, ATP, Calcium, clotting factors,
neutrophil attracting factors
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