NURS 5433 Final Exam Actual Exam 2026
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What is blepharitis and its common causes?
Blepharitis is chronic inflammation of the eyelid margins due to
bacterial colonization (commonly Staphylococcus) or seborrheic
dysfunction, often associated with risk factors like rosacea, seborrheic
dermatitis, contact lens use, and poor eyelid hygiene.
How can you differentiate between hordeolum and chalazion?
Hordeolum (stye) is an acute, painful, red, swollen nodule at the eyelid
margin due to infection, while chalazion is a chronic, nonpainful, firm
nodule from a blocked meibomian gland.
What are the symptoms and treatment options for conjunctivitis?
Bacterial conjunctivitis presents with mucopurulent discharge and is
treated with antibiotic drops. Viral conjunctivitis has watery discharge
and is treated with supportive care. Allergic conjunctivitis involves
watery, itchy discharge and is treated with antihistamine eye drops.
What is the diagnostic method for corneal abrasion?
Corneal abrasion is diagnosed using fluorescein staining.
What is the treatment for periorbital edema?
Treatment for periorbital edema depends on the cause and may include
antihistamines or antibiotics if cellulitis is suspected.
What are the differences between pterygium and pingueculum?
,Pterygium is a triangular, fleshy mass on the inner eye extending onto
the cornea, while pingueculum is a yellowish-white conjunctival growth
that does not cross the cornea.
What are the causes and treatments for dry eye?
Dry eye can be caused by aging, autoimmune diseases (like Sjogren's),
and medication side effects. Treatments include artificial tears and
cyclosporine eye drops.
What is hyphema and its treatment?
Hyphema is a medical emergency characterized by blood pooling in the
anterior chamber of the eye, requiring urgent referral to ER or
ophthalmology.
What is glaucoma and its types?
Glaucoma is characterized by increased eye pressure. Types include
open-angle (chronic, painless) and angle-closure (acute, painful,
emergency).
What are the symptoms and treatment for diabetic retinopathy?
Diabetic retinopathy requires yearly dilated eye exams and is treated
with laser therapy, blood sugar control, and management of diabetes.
What are the two types of macular degeneration?
The two types of macular degeneration are dry (with drusen deposits)
and wet (with neovascularization), with wet being more severe.
What is strabismus and its types?
Strabismus is the misalignment of eyes, with estropia (inward) and
extropia (outward) leading to double vision or amblyopia.
What is conductive hearing loss and its common causes?
,Conductive hearing loss can be caused by cerumen impaction or otitis
media.
What is the treatment for cerumen impaction?
Treatment includes cerumenolytics to soften the wax, followed by ear
irrigation or manual removal.
What are the first-line treatments for otitis media?
First-line treatment for otitis media is amoxicillin; second-line is
Augmentin; third-line options include azithromycin or other antibiotics
if there is a penicillin allergy.
What is otitis externa and its causative organisms?
Otitis externa, or swimmer's ear, is caused by organisms such as
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli.
What is the treatment for otitis externa?
Treatment includes ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone drops.
What is the significance of the Quantiferon gold blood test?
The Quantiferon gold blood test is the gold standard for diagnosing
tuberculosis (TB).
What is the risk categorization for TB testing?
Risk categories for TB testing include low, moderate, and high risk, with
specific induration measurements for HIV+ individuals and healthy
adults.
What is the follow-up recommendation for severe blepharitis?
Referral to ophthalmology is recommended for severe or refractory
cases of blepharitis.
, What is the treatment for chalazion if it persists?
Persistent chalazion may require steroid injection or surgical removal.
What are the symptoms of angle-closure glaucoma?
Symptoms include severe pain, blurred vision, and rapid increase in eye
pressure.
What is the role of antihistamine eye drops in allergic conjunctivitis?
Antihistamine eye drops are used to relieve symptoms of allergic
conjunctivitis, such as watery and itchy eyes.
What is sensorineural hearing loss?
Hearing loss caused by damage or noise exposure, including conditions
like presbycusis.
What are ototoxic medications?
Medications that can cause hearing loss, including aminoglycosides,
aspirin, erectile dysfunction drugs, and loop diuretics.
What is allergic rhinitis and its pathophysiology?
An immune response to allergens (like pollen or dust) that causes nasal
congestion, runny nose, and sneezing, often IgE-mediated.
What are the treatments for allergic rhinitis?
Avoidance of allergens, antihistamines, intranasal steroids, and
immunotherapy.
How does non-allergic rhinitis differ from allergic rhinitis?
Non-allergic rhinitis is triggered by irritants, not an immune response,
and symptoms are more persistent.
What is vasomotor rhinitis?
All Questions and Correct Answers Verified
Answers Just Released
What is blepharitis and its common causes?
Blepharitis is chronic inflammation of the eyelid margins due to
bacterial colonization (commonly Staphylococcus) or seborrheic
dysfunction, often associated with risk factors like rosacea, seborrheic
dermatitis, contact lens use, and poor eyelid hygiene.
How can you differentiate between hordeolum and chalazion?
Hordeolum (stye) is an acute, painful, red, swollen nodule at the eyelid
margin due to infection, while chalazion is a chronic, nonpainful, firm
nodule from a blocked meibomian gland.
What are the symptoms and treatment options for conjunctivitis?
Bacterial conjunctivitis presents with mucopurulent discharge and is
treated with antibiotic drops. Viral conjunctivitis has watery discharge
and is treated with supportive care. Allergic conjunctivitis involves
watery, itchy discharge and is treated with antihistamine eye drops.
What is the diagnostic method for corneal abrasion?
Corneal abrasion is diagnosed using fluorescein staining.
What is the treatment for periorbital edema?
Treatment for periorbital edema depends on the cause and may include
antihistamines or antibiotics if cellulitis is suspected.
What are the differences between pterygium and pingueculum?
,Pterygium is a triangular, fleshy mass on the inner eye extending onto
the cornea, while pingueculum is a yellowish-white conjunctival growth
that does not cross the cornea.
What are the causes and treatments for dry eye?
Dry eye can be caused by aging, autoimmune diseases (like Sjogren's),
and medication side effects. Treatments include artificial tears and
cyclosporine eye drops.
What is hyphema and its treatment?
Hyphema is a medical emergency characterized by blood pooling in the
anterior chamber of the eye, requiring urgent referral to ER or
ophthalmology.
What is glaucoma and its types?
Glaucoma is characterized by increased eye pressure. Types include
open-angle (chronic, painless) and angle-closure (acute, painful,
emergency).
What are the symptoms and treatment for diabetic retinopathy?
Diabetic retinopathy requires yearly dilated eye exams and is treated
with laser therapy, blood sugar control, and management of diabetes.
What are the two types of macular degeneration?
The two types of macular degeneration are dry (with drusen deposits)
and wet (with neovascularization), with wet being more severe.
What is strabismus and its types?
Strabismus is the misalignment of eyes, with estropia (inward) and
extropia (outward) leading to double vision or amblyopia.
What is conductive hearing loss and its common causes?
,Conductive hearing loss can be caused by cerumen impaction or otitis
media.
What is the treatment for cerumen impaction?
Treatment includes cerumenolytics to soften the wax, followed by ear
irrigation or manual removal.
What are the first-line treatments for otitis media?
First-line treatment for otitis media is amoxicillin; second-line is
Augmentin; third-line options include azithromycin or other antibiotics
if there is a penicillin allergy.
What is otitis externa and its causative organisms?
Otitis externa, or swimmer's ear, is caused by organisms such as
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli.
What is the treatment for otitis externa?
Treatment includes ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone drops.
What is the significance of the Quantiferon gold blood test?
The Quantiferon gold blood test is the gold standard for diagnosing
tuberculosis (TB).
What is the risk categorization for TB testing?
Risk categories for TB testing include low, moderate, and high risk, with
specific induration measurements for HIV+ individuals and healthy
adults.
What is the follow-up recommendation for severe blepharitis?
Referral to ophthalmology is recommended for severe or refractory
cases of blepharitis.
, What is the treatment for chalazion if it persists?
Persistent chalazion may require steroid injection or surgical removal.
What are the symptoms of angle-closure glaucoma?
Symptoms include severe pain, blurred vision, and rapid increase in eye
pressure.
What is the role of antihistamine eye drops in allergic conjunctivitis?
Antihistamine eye drops are used to relieve symptoms of allergic
conjunctivitis, such as watery and itchy eyes.
What is sensorineural hearing loss?
Hearing loss caused by damage or noise exposure, including conditions
like presbycusis.
What are ototoxic medications?
Medications that can cause hearing loss, including aminoglycosides,
aspirin, erectile dysfunction drugs, and loop diuretics.
What is allergic rhinitis and its pathophysiology?
An immune response to allergens (like pollen or dust) that causes nasal
congestion, runny nose, and sneezing, often IgE-mediated.
What are the treatments for allergic rhinitis?
Avoidance of allergens, antihistamines, intranasal steroids, and
immunotherapy.
How does non-allergic rhinitis differ from allergic rhinitis?
Non-allergic rhinitis is triggered by irritants, not an immune response,
and symptoms are more persistent.
What is vasomotor rhinitis?
