1|Page
TRU Biol 2131 Exam ||Verified Exam!!!|| Most Recent
Exam Actual Complete Real Exam Questions And
Correct Answers (Verified Answers) Already Graded
A+ | Guaranteed Success!! Newest Exam!!!
3 types of lipid molecules and role of each - Answer-- Fats
= rich in chemical energy; energy storage
- Steroids = components of animal cell membranes and
precursors of steroid hormones; cholesterol is involved in
membrane fluidity
- Phospholipids: cell membranes
functions of proteins? - Answer-enzymes, structural
cables, hormones/growth factors, membrane
receptors/transporters, contractile filaments, antibodies,
etc
how are peptide bonds formed? broken? - Answer-
condensation (dehydration) reaction... hydrolysis
3 unique Amino Acids - Answer-- Glycine: only H atom as
side chain = very flexible
,2|Page
- Proline: amino group as part of ring = produces kinks or
hinges
- Cysteine: contains sulfhydryl group = can form disulfide
bridges
Primary structure of protein - Answer-linear sequence of
amino acids
secondary structure of protein - Answer-conformation of
portions of the polypeptide chain.
- Alpha helix and beta sheets
- Both stabilized by hydrogen bonds
tertiary structure - Answer-conformation of the entire
polypeptide
- Stabilized by non-covalent bonds (van der waals,
hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds) and covalent bonds
(disulfide)
quaternary structure - Answer-more than one chain or
subunit
,3|Page
denaturation - Answer-unfolding or disorganization of a
protein
- interferes with interactions that stabilize the protein's
tertiary structure
molecular chaperones - Answer-helper proteins that assist
unfolded or misfolded proteins to achieve their proper
conformation
chaperonins - Answer-cylindrical protein complexes that
provide a sheltered environment for folding of large
polypeptides
nucleotides consist of - Answer-pentose sugar,
nitrogenous base, phosphate group
RNA world hypothesis - Answer-hypothesis that earlier
forms of life may have relied solely on RNA to store
genetic info and to catalyze chemical reactions
Alpha helix vs beta sheets - Answer-Alpha: can be
extended in length if subjected to pulling forces
Beta strands: highly extended and resist pulling
, 4|Page
magnification vs resolution - Answer-Mag = enlargement
of an object
resolution = quality of the image (ability to see finer,
distinguishing details)
phase-contrast microscopy advantage - Answer-able to
visualize live cells
fluorescence microscopy - Answer-uses a fluorescent dye
that emits fluorescence when illuminated with ultraviolet
radiation
transmission electron microscope - Answer-forms images
using electrons that are transmitted through a specimen,
which enables a higher resolution of the inner detail of
cells.
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) - Answer-utilized to
examine the surface of objects. Uses electrons that
bounce off the surface of the specimen.
TRU Biol 2131 Exam ||Verified Exam!!!|| Most Recent
Exam Actual Complete Real Exam Questions And
Correct Answers (Verified Answers) Already Graded
A+ | Guaranteed Success!! Newest Exam!!!
3 types of lipid molecules and role of each - Answer-- Fats
= rich in chemical energy; energy storage
- Steroids = components of animal cell membranes and
precursors of steroid hormones; cholesterol is involved in
membrane fluidity
- Phospholipids: cell membranes
functions of proteins? - Answer-enzymes, structural
cables, hormones/growth factors, membrane
receptors/transporters, contractile filaments, antibodies,
etc
how are peptide bonds formed? broken? - Answer-
condensation (dehydration) reaction... hydrolysis
3 unique Amino Acids - Answer-- Glycine: only H atom as
side chain = very flexible
,2|Page
- Proline: amino group as part of ring = produces kinks or
hinges
- Cysteine: contains sulfhydryl group = can form disulfide
bridges
Primary structure of protein - Answer-linear sequence of
amino acids
secondary structure of protein - Answer-conformation of
portions of the polypeptide chain.
- Alpha helix and beta sheets
- Both stabilized by hydrogen bonds
tertiary structure - Answer-conformation of the entire
polypeptide
- Stabilized by non-covalent bonds (van der waals,
hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds) and covalent bonds
(disulfide)
quaternary structure - Answer-more than one chain or
subunit
,3|Page
denaturation - Answer-unfolding or disorganization of a
protein
- interferes with interactions that stabilize the protein's
tertiary structure
molecular chaperones - Answer-helper proteins that assist
unfolded or misfolded proteins to achieve their proper
conformation
chaperonins - Answer-cylindrical protein complexes that
provide a sheltered environment for folding of large
polypeptides
nucleotides consist of - Answer-pentose sugar,
nitrogenous base, phosphate group
RNA world hypothesis - Answer-hypothesis that earlier
forms of life may have relied solely on RNA to store
genetic info and to catalyze chemical reactions
Alpha helix vs beta sheets - Answer-Alpha: can be
extended in length if subjected to pulling forces
Beta strands: highly extended and resist pulling
, 4|Page
magnification vs resolution - Answer-Mag = enlargement
of an object
resolution = quality of the image (ability to see finer,
distinguishing details)
phase-contrast microscopy advantage - Answer-able to
visualize live cells
fluorescence microscopy - Answer-uses a fluorescent dye
that emits fluorescence when illuminated with ultraviolet
radiation
transmission electron microscope - Answer-forms images
using electrons that are transmitted through a specimen,
which enables a higher resolution of the inner detail of
cells.
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) - Answer-utilized to
examine the surface of objects. Uses electrons that
bounce off the surface of the specimen.
