SOCIOLOGY 111 FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALL
CORRECT
What three institutions govern the global economy? - Answer- 1) international monetary
fund
2) world bank
3) world trade organization
What are the two places with huge banks? - Answer- London and New York
List the two theoretical approaches to culture. - Answer- 1) structural-functionalism:
culture is a complex strategy for meeting human needs; cultural universals
2) social-conflict: cultural traits benefit some members of society at the expense of
others
Define the term sanction - Answer- way of enforcing norms
What is an ideal culture? - Answer- social patterns mandated by values and norms;
what society says they do (ex. marriage is forever)
What is a real culture - Answer- actual culture patterns that only approximate cultural
expectations; what society actually does (ex. many marriages often end in divorce)
Define high culture - Answer- cultural patterns that distinguish a societies elite (ex.
classical music, opera, expensive cars)
What are cultural universals? - Answer- Traits that are part of every known culture
What are sociological abstracts used for? - Answer- Sociological research
What is essentialism? - Answer- the differences btwn men and women are natural,
physical, and innate.
What is the Israeli Kibbutz? - Answer- a society in which gender was considered
irrelevant; men and women were expected to do the same things
, Define Socialization - Answer- The process of learning and internalizing values, beliefs
and norms of social groups by which we become functioning members of society.
Nature vs. Nurture. Define - Answer- Nature: biology and genetics
Nurture: Behaviour is not instinctive but learned
Define Social Isolation - Answer- See importance of socialization when we see how
people act with no social contact (being deprived from people; ex. being locked up by
parents)
List the 6 names of human development theorists - Answer- 1) Freud
2) Piaget
3) Kohlberg
4) Carol Gilligan
5) George Herbert Mead
6) Erikson
Discuss Freud's Belief - Answer- Id- Human Drive (sexual; seek pleasure and avoid
pain)
Ego- mediates btwn id & superego what you see; conscience
Superego- culture (values, beliefs, right and wrong, norms)
*only developed through socialization
Discuss Piaget's theories - Answer- 4 stages
1) Sensorimotor : (birth-2) experience world through senses
2) Preoperational: (2-7) language and other symbols
3) concrete operational: (7-11) perception of casual connections
4) Formal operational: (11) Abstract, critical stages
How did Kohlberg view development? - Answer- *Moral development
1) preconventional: experience world as pain/pleasure
2) Conventional: lose selfishness; learn right and wrong
3) postconventional: consider abstract ethical principles
Who was George Herbert Mead? - Answer- investigated the term "self"
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALL
CORRECT
What three institutions govern the global economy? - Answer- 1) international monetary
fund
2) world bank
3) world trade organization
What are the two places with huge banks? - Answer- London and New York
List the two theoretical approaches to culture. - Answer- 1) structural-functionalism:
culture is a complex strategy for meeting human needs; cultural universals
2) social-conflict: cultural traits benefit some members of society at the expense of
others
Define the term sanction - Answer- way of enforcing norms
What is an ideal culture? - Answer- social patterns mandated by values and norms;
what society says they do (ex. marriage is forever)
What is a real culture - Answer- actual culture patterns that only approximate cultural
expectations; what society actually does (ex. many marriages often end in divorce)
Define high culture - Answer- cultural patterns that distinguish a societies elite (ex.
classical music, opera, expensive cars)
What are cultural universals? - Answer- Traits that are part of every known culture
What are sociological abstracts used for? - Answer- Sociological research
What is essentialism? - Answer- the differences btwn men and women are natural,
physical, and innate.
What is the Israeli Kibbutz? - Answer- a society in which gender was considered
irrelevant; men and women were expected to do the same things
, Define Socialization - Answer- The process of learning and internalizing values, beliefs
and norms of social groups by which we become functioning members of society.
Nature vs. Nurture. Define - Answer- Nature: biology and genetics
Nurture: Behaviour is not instinctive but learned
Define Social Isolation - Answer- See importance of socialization when we see how
people act with no social contact (being deprived from people; ex. being locked up by
parents)
List the 6 names of human development theorists - Answer- 1) Freud
2) Piaget
3) Kohlberg
4) Carol Gilligan
5) George Herbert Mead
6) Erikson
Discuss Freud's Belief - Answer- Id- Human Drive (sexual; seek pleasure and avoid
pain)
Ego- mediates btwn id & superego what you see; conscience
Superego- culture (values, beliefs, right and wrong, norms)
*only developed through socialization
Discuss Piaget's theories - Answer- 4 stages
1) Sensorimotor : (birth-2) experience world through senses
2) Preoperational: (2-7) language and other symbols
3) concrete operational: (7-11) perception of casual connections
4) Formal operational: (11) Abstract, critical stages
How did Kohlberg view development? - Answer- *Moral development
1) preconventional: experience world as pain/pleasure
2) Conventional: lose selfishness; learn right and wrong
3) postconventional: consider abstract ethical principles
Who was George Herbert Mead? - Answer- investigated the term "self"
