SOCIOLOGY 111 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
What are the systems within the Meritocracy system? - Answer- 1. Caste System:
ascribed status structure that is life-long
2. Estate System: peasants receive protection from mobility; born into low social
mobility
3. Class system: based on economics and it is more open.
Types of Equality - Answer- 1. Equality of Opportunity
2. Equality of Condition
3. Equality of Outcome
Equality of Opportunity - Answer- Doesn't matter where you start, same opportunity to
obtain.
Equality of Condition - Answer- Everyone has an equal starting point in life.
Equality of Outcome - Answer- Everyone has the same result.
US inequality over time - Answer- 1. Inequality is increasing over time
2. Starting in the 80s, the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer.
Gender Conflict Theory - Answer- Those in power control gender norms (so... men)
Doing gender - Answer- Girls do girl things and boys do boy things
Feminism - Answer- A consciousness-raising movement that men and women should
be equal in life
Gender Functionalism - Answer- 1. Ex: Women need time away from their careers to
have children
2. There are things about gender that cause natural differences/inequalities
Gender - Answer- 1. Based on society
2. Masculine and feminine
3. The qualities assigned to a sex
Gender norms - Answer- Pertain to your status as a male or female and come with
sanctions for non-compliance.
, Gender pay gap - Answer- Men make more money than women
Gender roles - Answer- Fits under the idea of status (i.e. gender), socially sanctioned
expectations for the duty.
Glass Escalator - Answer- Because you're a man, you will automatically be able to
elevate yourself more quickly
Glass Ceiling - Answer- Because you're a woman, you can only work your way up to a
certain position
Job Choice - Answer- Women tend to choose more child-friendly jobs within
occupations
Labor force participation - Answer- Men participate more in the economic force while
women work in the home
Minority - Answer- The minority has less power
Mother pay gap - Answer- Women are paid less because of different fields and people
don't really want to hire mothers. Women tend to have more part-time jobs.
Occupational choice - Answer- Women choose more child-friendly jobs
Seniority - Answer- As a whole, women have been in the workforce less long and men
are more aggressive in asking for raises and tenure in the workforce is related to
income.
Sex - Answer- Biological, male or female
Social construction - Answer- Norms that society creates for specific genders
Social networks - Answer- Men and women predominately have same-sex networks;
difficult for women to enter male-dominated occupations. Only 27 female CEOs in the
Fortune 500 companies
Socialization - Answer- Learning gender norms as we grow up and throughout life, there
are also sanctions
Discrimination - Answer- Unequal treatment of a group by another group because of
power differentials; unidirectional
Education - Answer- There is an education gap between races; African-Americans are
less likely to graduate college; socioeconomic thing.
AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
What are the systems within the Meritocracy system? - Answer- 1. Caste System:
ascribed status structure that is life-long
2. Estate System: peasants receive protection from mobility; born into low social
mobility
3. Class system: based on economics and it is more open.
Types of Equality - Answer- 1. Equality of Opportunity
2. Equality of Condition
3. Equality of Outcome
Equality of Opportunity - Answer- Doesn't matter where you start, same opportunity to
obtain.
Equality of Condition - Answer- Everyone has an equal starting point in life.
Equality of Outcome - Answer- Everyone has the same result.
US inequality over time - Answer- 1. Inequality is increasing over time
2. Starting in the 80s, the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer.
Gender Conflict Theory - Answer- Those in power control gender norms (so... men)
Doing gender - Answer- Girls do girl things and boys do boy things
Feminism - Answer- A consciousness-raising movement that men and women should
be equal in life
Gender Functionalism - Answer- 1. Ex: Women need time away from their careers to
have children
2. There are things about gender that cause natural differences/inequalities
Gender - Answer- 1. Based on society
2. Masculine and feminine
3. The qualities assigned to a sex
Gender norms - Answer- Pertain to your status as a male or female and come with
sanctions for non-compliance.
, Gender pay gap - Answer- Men make more money than women
Gender roles - Answer- Fits under the idea of status (i.e. gender), socially sanctioned
expectations for the duty.
Glass Escalator - Answer- Because you're a man, you will automatically be able to
elevate yourself more quickly
Glass Ceiling - Answer- Because you're a woman, you can only work your way up to a
certain position
Job Choice - Answer- Women tend to choose more child-friendly jobs within
occupations
Labor force participation - Answer- Men participate more in the economic force while
women work in the home
Minority - Answer- The minority has less power
Mother pay gap - Answer- Women are paid less because of different fields and people
don't really want to hire mothers. Women tend to have more part-time jobs.
Occupational choice - Answer- Women choose more child-friendly jobs
Seniority - Answer- As a whole, women have been in the workforce less long and men
are more aggressive in asking for raises and tenure in the workforce is related to
income.
Sex - Answer- Biological, male or female
Social construction - Answer- Norms that society creates for specific genders
Social networks - Answer- Men and women predominately have same-sex networks;
difficult for women to enter male-dominated occupations. Only 27 female CEOs in the
Fortune 500 companies
Socialization - Answer- Learning gender norms as we grow up and throughout life, there
are also sanctions
Discrimination - Answer- Unequal treatment of a group by another group because of
power differentials; unidirectional
Education - Answer- There is an education gap between races; African-Americans are
less likely to graduate college; socioeconomic thing.
