Best Computer Notes for 12th Grade - All Chapters Solved

Unit No.11 1


Part 1: Theoretical Questions
Q.1. what is control structure?
A statement used to control the flow of execution in a program or function is called control
structure.
‫یسکرپورگالاینشکنفںیملمعدرآدمےکاہبؤوکرٹنکوكرکےنےکےیلاامعتسكوہےنواالایبمرٹنکوكڈاھہچنالہکاتےہ۔‬
The control structures in C are used to combine individual instruction into a single logical
unit.
‫ںیمرٹنکوكڈاھےچنوکارفنادیدہاایتوکاکیوادحیقطنمااکیئںیموجڑےنےکےیلاامعتسكایکاجاتےہ۔‬C
The logical unit has one entry point and one exit point.
‫یقطنمویٹنںیماکیارٹنیوپاٹنئاوراکیازگیٹوپاٹنئوہاتےہ۔‬
Q.2. List different types of control structures for writing programs.
The basic control structures for writing programs are sequence structure, selection structure
and repetition structure.
‫ااختنبیکاستخاوررکتاریکاستخںیہ۔‬،‫رپورگالےنھکلےکےیلاینبدیرٹنکوكڈاھہچنرتبیتیکاستخ‬
Q.3. Write three selection statements and three repetition statements.
The selection statements are if, if-else and switch.
‫ںیہ۔‬switch‫اور‬if, if-else‫ااختنبےکایبانت‬
The repetition statements are while, do-while and for.
‫ںیہ۔‬for‫اور‬do-while،while‫درہاےئاجےنواےلایبانت‬
Q.4. When you must use curly braces { } with a selection or repetition statement?
The curly braces are required if selection or repetition statement has multiple statements in
body.
‫وھگرھگبایلینحنموطخطودحاینیکرضورتےہارگااختنبایرکتارایبمےکابڈیںیمدعتمدایبانتوہں۔‬
Q.5. How are instructions executed in sequence structure?
In sequence structure, the instructions are executed in the same order in which they are
specified in the program.
‫دہاایتوکایسرتبیتںیمانذفایکاجاتےہسجںیموہرپورگالںیمایبمےیکےئگںیہ۔‬،‫رتبیتےکڈاھےچنںیم‬
The control flows from one statement to other in a logical sequence.
‫رٹنکوكیقطنمرتبیتںیماکیایبمےسدورسےںیماتہبےہ۔‬
Q.6. Define flowchart.
A flowchart is the graphical representation of a program.
‫ولفاچرٹاکیرپورگالیکوصترییامندنئیگےہ۔‬
Q.7. What is a condition?
A condition is an expression that evaluates to true (1) or false (0).
‫)اکادنازہرکاتےہ۔‬0(‫)ایطلغ‬1(‫رشطاکیااسیااہظرےہوجدرتس‬
Q.8. Which structure is used to execute a statement repeatedly?
A repetition structure executes a statement or set of statements repeatedly.
‫رکتاراکڈاھہچناکیایبمایایبانتےکٹیسوکابرابرااجنلداتیےہ۔‬
It is also known as iteration structure or loop.
‫اےسرکتارڈاھہچنایولپےکانلےسیھباجاناجاتےہ۔‬



Composed by: M. Umair Nasir

, Unit No.11 2


The repetition Structures include for loop, while loop and do-while loop.
‫ل ہکولپاوررکو ول ولپلمہ ںیہ۔‬،‫رکتارےکڈاھےچنںیمولپےکےیل‬
Q.9. How does a selection structure select a Statement to execute?
A selection structure selects a Statement or set of statements to execute on the basis of a
condition.
‫ااختنباکڈاھہچنیسکرشطیکاینبدرپلمعرکےنےکےیلاکیایبمایایبانتاکٹیسبختنمرکاتےہ۔‬
In this structure, a statement or set of statements is executed when a particular condition is
true and ignored when the Condition is false.
‫اکیایبمایایبانتاکومجمہعاسول لمعںیمالایاجاتےہبجوکیئاخصرشطدرتسوہیتےہاوربجرشططلغوہیتےہوتاےس رظادنازایکاجاتےہ۔‬،‫اسڈاھےچنںیم‬
Q.10. What do you know about “if” statement?
if is a keyword in C language.
‫یسزابمںیمدیلکیظفلےہ۔‬if
if statement is a decision-making statement.
‫ایبمہلصیفاسزیاکایبمےہ۔‬if
It is the simplest form of selection Constructs.
‫ہیااختنبرٹسنکسٹکیکبسےسآاسملکشےہ۔‬
It is used to execute or skip a statement or set of statements by checking a condition.
‫ہییسکرشطیکاجچنرکےکایبمایایبانتےکٹیسوکااجنلدےنیایوھچڑےنےکےیلاامعتسكوہاتےہ۔‬
Q.11. Define compound statement.
A set of statements written in curly brackets {} is called compound statement.
‫وھگرھگبایلوطخطودحاینںیمےھکلےئگایبانتاکومجمہع{}رمبکایبمالہکاتےہ۔‬
Q.12. What is the use of “if-else” statement?
if-else statement is another type of if Statement.
‫ایبمیکاکیاورمسقےہ۔‬if‫ ایبم‬if-else
It executes one block of statement(s) when the condition is true and the other when it is false.
‫ہیایبانتےکاکیالبکوکاسول ااجنلداتیےہبجرشطدرتسوہاوردورسابجہیطلغوہ۔‬
In any Situation, one block is executed and the other is skipped.
‫اکیالبکوکاھپیسندیاجیتےہاوردورسےوکوھچڑدایاجاتےہ۔‬،‫یسکیھبوصرتاحكںیم‬
Q.13. Write the Syntax of “if-else” statement.
if(condition)
statement;
else
statement;
Q.l4. What is the use of “if-else-if” statements?
if-else-if statement can be used to choose one block of statements from many blocks of
statements.
‫اٹنمٹیٹسوکایبانتےکیئکالبسکںیمےسایبانتےکاکیالبکوکبختنمرکےنےکےیلاامعتسكایکاج اتکےہ۔‬if-else-if
It is used when there are many options and only one block of statements should be executed
on the basis of a condition.
‫ہیاسول اامعتسكوہاتےہبجتہبےساایتخراتوہںاوررشطیکاینبدرپایبانتےکرصفاکیالبکوکلمعںیمالایاجےئ۔‬



Composed by: M. Umair Nasir