NBRC TMC/CRT/RRT FINAL PAPER 2026
SOLVED QUESTIONS GRADED A+
◉Venous distention. Answer: -occurs with CHF
-seen with obstructive patients (seen in exhalation phase)
◉Capillary refill. Answer: -indication of peripheral circulation
-Normal < 3 seconds
◉Jaundice skin color. Answer: -increase in bilirubin.
-mostly in face and trunk
◉Bradypnea (oligopnea). Answer: -decreased respiratory rate
(<12bpm) variable depth and irregular rhythm
◉Hyperpnea. Answer: -increased rate, depth, with regular rhythm
◉Cheyne-Stokes. Answer: -gradually increasing then decreasing rate
and depth in a cycle lasting from 30 - 180 secs, with apnea up to 60
secs
-increased ICP, meningitis, overdose
,◉Biots. Answer: -increased rate and depth with irregular periods of
apnea
-CNS problem, head/brain injury
◉Kussmaul's. Answer: -increased rate, depth, irregular rhythm,
breathing sounds labored
-Raspy voice
◉Apneustic. Answer: prolonged gasping inspiration followed by
extremely short, insufficient expiration
-respiratory center problems, trauma, tumor
◉cachectic. Answer: muscle atrophy/loss of muscle tone
◉retractions. Answer: -chest moves inward during inspiratory efforts
instead of outward
-blocked airway in adults = INTUBATE
-RDS in infants
◉Character of cough. Answer: -dry, non-productive cough may
indicate tumor in the lungs or asthma
-productive cough may indicate infection
, ◉evidence of difficult airway. Answer: -short receding mandible
(chin)
-enlarged tongue (macroglossia)
-bull neck
-limited neck range-of-motion
◉pulsus paradoxus. Answer: -pulse/blood pressure varies with
respiration. may indicate severe air trapping (status asthmaticus or
cardiac tamponade)
◉tactile fremitus. Answer: -vibrations felt by hand on chest wall
-vocal fremitus: voice vibrations on the chest wall
-pleural rub fremitus: grating sensation due to roughened pleural
spaces
-Rhonchial fremitus(palpable rhonchi): secretions in airways
◉Crepitus. Answer: -bubbles of air under skin that can be palpated
and indicates subcutaneous emphysema
◉Resonant percussion. Answer: -hollow sound
-normal lungs
, ◉Flat percussion. Answer: -heard over sternum, muscles, or areas of
atelectasis
◉Dull percussion. Answer: -heard over fluid-filled organs such as
heart or liver (thudding)
-pleural effusion or pneumonia
◉Tympanic percussion. Answer: -heard over air-filled stomach.
-drum-like sound and when heard over lung = increased volume
◉Hyperresonant. Answer: -found where pneumothorax or
emphysema is present.
-booming sound
◉vesicular breath sounds. Answer: normal sounds in lungs
◉bronchial breath sounds. Answer: -normal sounds over airways.
-breath sounds over lungs indicate LUNG CONSOLIDATION
◉Egophony. Answer: -patient instructed to say E and sounds like A.
-lung consolidation
SOLVED QUESTIONS GRADED A+
◉Venous distention. Answer: -occurs with CHF
-seen with obstructive patients (seen in exhalation phase)
◉Capillary refill. Answer: -indication of peripheral circulation
-Normal < 3 seconds
◉Jaundice skin color. Answer: -increase in bilirubin.
-mostly in face and trunk
◉Bradypnea (oligopnea). Answer: -decreased respiratory rate
(<12bpm) variable depth and irregular rhythm
◉Hyperpnea. Answer: -increased rate, depth, with regular rhythm
◉Cheyne-Stokes. Answer: -gradually increasing then decreasing rate
and depth in a cycle lasting from 30 - 180 secs, with apnea up to 60
secs
-increased ICP, meningitis, overdose
,◉Biots. Answer: -increased rate and depth with irregular periods of
apnea
-CNS problem, head/brain injury
◉Kussmaul's. Answer: -increased rate, depth, irregular rhythm,
breathing sounds labored
-Raspy voice
◉Apneustic. Answer: prolonged gasping inspiration followed by
extremely short, insufficient expiration
-respiratory center problems, trauma, tumor
◉cachectic. Answer: muscle atrophy/loss of muscle tone
◉retractions. Answer: -chest moves inward during inspiratory efforts
instead of outward
-blocked airway in adults = INTUBATE
-RDS in infants
◉Character of cough. Answer: -dry, non-productive cough may
indicate tumor in the lungs or asthma
-productive cough may indicate infection
, ◉evidence of difficult airway. Answer: -short receding mandible
(chin)
-enlarged tongue (macroglossia)
-bull neck
-limited neck range-of-motion
◉pulsus paradoxus. Answer: -pulse/blood pressure varies with
respiration. may indicate severe air trapping (status asthmaticus or
cardiac tamponade)
◉tactile fremitus. Answer: -vibrations felt by hand on chest wall
-vocal fremitus: voice vibrations on the chest wall
-pleural rub fremitus: grating sensation due to roughened pleural
spaces
-Rhonchial fremitus(palpable rhonchi): secretions in airways
◉Crepitus. Answer: -bubbles of air under skin that can be palpated
and indicates subcutaneous emphysema
◉Resonant percussion. Answer: -hollow sound
-normal lungs
, ◉Flat percussion. Answer: -heard over sternum, muscles, or areas of
atelectasis
◉Dull percussion. Answer: -heard over fluid-filled organs such as
heart or liver (thudding)
-pleural effusion or pneumonia
◉Tympanic percussion. Answer: -heard over air-filled stomach.
-drum-like sound and when heard over lung = increased volume
◉Hyperresonant. Answer: -found where pneumothorax or
emphysema is present.
-booming sound
◉vesicular breath sounds. Answer: normal sounds in lungs
◉bronchial breath sounds. Answer: -normal sounds over airways.
-breath sounds over lungs indicate LUNG CONSOLIDATION
◉Egophony. Answer: -patient instructed to say E and sounds like A.
-lung consolidation
