EDHD320 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS COMPLETE WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS
/. Principles of Lifespan Development - Answer-multidimensional, multidirectional,
plastic, multiple contexts
/.major theoretical principles - Answer-1. Psychoanalytic theories (Freud & Erikson)
2. Behaviorist and social learning theories
3. Cognitive theories (Piaget)
4. Sociocultural systems theory (Vygotsky, Bronfenbrenner)
5. Ethology and evolutionary developmental theory
/.Freud psychosexual theory - Answer-says that behavior is driven by unconscious
impulses outside our awareness
/.Erikson's Psychosocial theory - Answer-says that the role of social world, society, and
culture in shaping development
/.behaviorism - Answer-examines only observable behavior and believes all behavior is
influenced by physical and social environment
/.social learning theory - Answer-theory that says that people actively process
information, and their thoughts and feelings influence behavior
/.observational learning - Answer-people learn through observing and imitating models
/.reciprocal determinism - Answer-individuals and environment interact and influence
each other (individuals are active in development)
/.Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory - Answer-says that children and adults are
active explorers in their world
/.information processing theory - Answer-theory that views thinking as information
processing; mind words in ways similar to computer
/.Vygotsky's sociocultural theory - Answer-theory that examines how cultural is
transmitted from one generation to the next through social interaction, emphasizes role
of cultural context
/.Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological systems theory - Answer-says that development is
result of interactions among biological, cognitive, and psychological changes within
person and their changing context
, /.mitosis - Answer-process by which DNA replicates itself and forms new cells with
identical genetic material
/.chromosome - Answer-holds basic unit of heredity (genes)
/.Dizygotic twins (DZ) - Answer-more than one ovum and each is fertilized by different
sperm
Like any other sibling pair (fraternal twins)
/.Monozygotic twins (MZ) - Answer-one zygote splits into 2 distinct separate but
identical zygotes
Identical twins
/.Dominant-Recessive inheritance - Answer-some genes are dominant and always
expressed; others are recessive and only expressed if paired with another recessive
gene
/.incomplete dominance - Answer-both genes influence the characteristic
/.polygenic inheritance - Answer-traits formed through interaction of many genes
Ex: intelligence, temperament
/.genomic imprinting - Answer-expression of gene is determined by whether it is
inherited from mother or father
/.mutation - Answer-changes and abnormalities in the structure of genes
/.genotype - Answer-genetic makeup of an organism
/.phenotype - Answer-An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
/.prenatal development - Answer-transformative process in which fertilized ovum, or
zygote, progresses through several periods of development, finally emerging from
womb as neonate
/.stages of prenatal development - Answer-zygote, embryo, fetus
Germinal (zygote, conception-2 weeks)
Embryo (3rd-8th week)
Fetal (9th week-birth)
/.stages of childbirth - Answer-dilation, delivery, expulsion of placenta
/.apgar scale - Answer-Quick and easy overall assessment of baby's immediate health
after birth
VERIFIED ANSWERS
/. Principles of Lifespan Development - Answer-multidimensional, multidirectional,
plastic, multiple contexts
/.major theoretical principles - Answer-1. Psychoanalytic theories (Freud & Erikson)
2. Behaviorist and social learning theories
3. Cognitive theories (Piaget)
4. Sociocultural systems theory (Vygotsky, Bronfenbrenner)
5. Ethology and evolutionary developmental theory
/.Freud psychosexual theory - Answer-says that behavior is driven by unconscious
impulses outside our awareness
/.Erikson's Psychosocial theory - Answer-says that the role of social world, society, and
culture in shaping development
/.behaviorism - Answer-examines only observable behavior and believes all behavior is
influenced by physical and social environment
/.social learning theory - Answer-theory that says that people actively process
information, and their thoughts and feelings influence behavior
/.observational learning - Answer-people learn through observing and imitating models
/.reciprocal determinism - Answer-individuals and environment interact and influence
each other (individuals are active in development)
/.Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory - Answer-says that children and adults are
active explorers in their world
/.information processing theory - Answer-theory that views thinking as information
processing; mind words in ways similar to computer
/.Vygotsky's sociocultural theory - Answer-theory that examines how cultural is
transmitted from one generation to the next through social interaction, emphasizes role
of cultural context
/.Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological systems theory - Answer-says that development is
result of interactions among biological, cognitive, and psychological changes within
person and their changing context
, /.mitosis - Answer-process by which DNA replicates itself and forms new cells with
identical genetic material
/.chromosome - Answer-holds basic unit of heredity (genes)
/.Dizygotic twins (DZ) - Answer-more than one ovum and each is fertilized by different
sperm
Like any other sibling pair (fraternal twins)
/.Monozygotic twins (MZ) - Answer-one zygote splits into 2 distinct separate but
identical zygotes
Identical twins
/.Dominant-Recessive inheritance - Answer-some genes are dominant and always
expressed; others are recessive and only expressed if paired with another recessive
gene
/.incomplete dominance - Answer-both genes influence the characteristic
/.polygenic inheritance - Answer-traits formed through interaction of many genes
Ex: intelligence, temperament
/.genomic imprinting - Answer-expression of gene is determined by whether it is
inherited from mother or father
/.mutation - Answer-changes and abnormalities in the structure of genes
/.genotype - Answer-genetic makeup of an organism
/.phenotype - Answer-An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
/.prenatal development - Answer-transformative process in which fertilized ovum, or
zygote, progresses through several periods of development, finally emerging from
womb as neonate
/.stages of prenatal development - Answer-zygote, embryo, fetus
Germinal (zygote, conception-2 weeks)
Embryo (3rd-8th week)
Fetal (9th week-birth)
/.stages of childbirth - Answer-dilation, delivery, expulsion of placenta
/.apgar scale - Answer-Quick and easy overall assessment of baby's immediate health
after birth
