HDFS Exam 1 Review Questions And
Answers
/. What are the four major areas of child development? - Answer-physical, cognitive
(intellectual), social, emotional
/.Cognitive development refers to: - Answer-how children think, learn, and understand
/.Examples of cognitive development - Answer-early memory, attention, problem-
solving, language development & concept formation, curiosity, exploration, & symbolic
thinking, increase ability to reason & understand cause-effect relationships
/.Which statements best represents the modern view of nature versus nurture? -
Answer-Nature-genetic inheritance, biological processes, brain maturation
Nurture-environment, learning experiences, culture, parenting, development results
from constant interaction between innate abilities & environmental input, they don't act
alone-children actively shape own development as they grow
/.What is a sensitive period in development? - Answer-development window when
certain experiences have a particular strong influence on development, but learning can
occur later-just with more difficulty
/.Example of sensitive period - Answer-language development-children acquire
language rapidly and naturally in early childhood, learning a new language later is still
possible but often harder
/.Which example best illustrates a critical period in development? - Answer-imprinting (in
animals)-ducklings must follow the first moving object they see shortly after hatching, if
this period is missed-imprinting doesn't occur
/.What are critical periods? - Answer-a narrow period during which specific biological or
environmental events must occur for development to proceed normally, missing
experience leads to permanent deficits
/.Discontinuous development refers to: - Answer-sudden, stage-like qualitative shifts,
ex. Piaget's stages, walking emerging after crawling
/.Continuous development refers to: - Answer-gradual, steady, quantitative change, ex.
vocabulary increasing year by year
/.Does development include both dimensions of development? - Answer-yes, includes
both continuous & discontinuous as some areas change smoothly while others do in
leaps
, /.Individual differences in development arise from: - Answer-differences arise from
genetics, environment, and their interaction
/.Individual differences examples - Answer-temperament & personality, cognitive
abilities & learning style, language development, emotional regulation, explains why
children respond uniquely to same experiences
/.G. Stanley Hall and the Child Study Movement are best known for: - Answer-organized
effort around turn of 20th century advocating scientific research on child and adolescent
development & improvements of conditions for children and adolescents in the family,
school, & workplace
/.In research on child development, observations can be: - Answer-naturalistic or
structured
/.Validity in research refers to: - Answer-data reflecting the phenomenon that the
researcher is attempting to study
/.In research on child development, an electroencephalogram (EEG) is used to: -
Answer-measure the electrical activity of the cerebral cortex
/.What is the main advantage and disadvantage of an experimental study? - Answer-
Advantage-control, identification of cause & effect
Disadvantage-may not reflect real life
/.Which of the following best describes a natural experiment? - Answer-a situation that
exists naturally & provides interesting scientific information, adoption research, tend to
be rare & occur unpredictably
/.Which of the following best describes ethnographic research? - Answer-involves
spending extensive time among the people being studied, usually living among them,
learn how people behave in their daily lives, requires a great deal of time, commitment,
& sacrifice
/.Which of the following correctly describes a correlational study? - Answer-quick &
inexpensive study, limitations-correlations difficult to interpret (doesn't prove causation)
/.In infant research, habituation refers to: - Answer-an organism decreases or ceases its
responses to a stimulus after repeated presentations
/.Which of the following best describes a cross-sectional design? - Answer-gathers info
from wide age range at a single time, can be completed in an affordable & timely
manner, can only show a correlation between age & the dependent variable-not
causation
Answers
/. What are the four major areas of child development? - Answer-physical, cognitive
(intellectual), social, emotional
/.Cognitive development refers to: - Answer-how children think, learn, and understand
/.Examples of cognitive development - Answer-early memory, attention, problem-
solving, language development & concept formation, curiosity, exploration, & symbolic
thinking, increase ability to reason & understand cause-effect relationships
/.Which statements best represents the modern view of nature versus nurture? -
Answer-Nature-genetic inheritance, biological processes, brain maturation
Nurture-environment, learning experiences, culture, parenting, development results
from constant interaction between innate abilities & environmental input, they don't act
alone-children actively shape own development as they grow
/.What is a sensitive period in development? - Answer-development window when
certain experiences have a particular strong influence on development, but learning can
occur later-just with more difficulty
/.Example of sensitive period - Answer-language development-children acquire
language rapidly and naturally in early childhood, learning a new language later is still
possible but often harder
/.Which example best illustrates a critical period in development? - Answer-imprinting (in
animals)-ducklings must follow the first moving object they see shortly after hatching, if
this period is missed-imprinting doesn't occur
/.What are critical periods? - Answer-a narrow period during which specific biological or
environmental events must occur for development to proceed normally, missing
experience leads to permanent deficits
/.Discontinuous development refers to: - Answer-sudden, stage-like qualitative shifts,
ex. Piaget's stages, walking emerging after crawling
/.Continuous development refers to: - Answer-gradual, steady, quantitative change, ex.
vocabulary increasing year by year
/.Does development include both dimensions of development? - Answer-yes, includes
both continuous & discontinuous as some areas change smoothly while others do in
leaps
, /.Individual differences in development arise from: - Answer-differences arise from
genetics, environment, and their interaction
/.Individual differences examples - Answer-temperament & personality, cognitive
abilities & learning style, language development, emotional regulation, explains why
children respond uniquely to same experiences
/.G. Stanley Hall and the Child Study Movement are best known for: - Answer-organized
effort around turn of 20th century advocating scientific research on child and adolescent
development & improvements of conditions for children and adolescents in the family,
school, & workplace
/.In research on child development, observations can be: - Answer-naturalistic or
structured
/.Validity in research refers to: - Answer-data reflecting the phenomenon that the
researcher is attempting to study
/.In research on child development, an electroencephalogram (EEG) is used to: -
Answer-measure the electrical activity of the cerebral cortex
/.What is the main advantage and disadvantage of an experimental study? - Answer-
Advantage-control, identification of cause & effect
Disadvantage-may not reflect real life
/.Which of the following best describes a natural experiment? - Answer-a situation that
exists naturally & provides interesting scientific information, adoption research, tend to
be rare & occur unpredictably
/.Which of the following best describes ethnographic research? - Answer-involves
spending extensive time among the people being studied, usually living among them,
learn how people behave in their daily lives, requires a great deal of time, commitment,
& sacrifice
/.Which of the following correctly describes a correlational study? - Answer-quick &
inexpensive study, limitations-correlations difficult to interpret (doesn't prove causation)
/.In infant research, habituation refers to: - Answer-an organism decreases or ceases its
responses to a stimulus after repeated presentations
/.Which of the following best describes a cross-sectional design? - Answer-gathers info
from wide age range at a single time, can be completed in an affordable & timely
manner, can only show a correlation between age & the dependent variable-not
causation
