A LEVEL CHEMISTRY A: PERIODIC TABLE,
ELEMENTS AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
FINAL TEST 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ 1.
Answer: relative mass of a proton
◍ 1.
Answer: relative mass of a neutron
◍ 1/1840.
Answer: relative mass of an electron
◍ +1.
Answer: relative charge of a proton
◍ 0.
Answer: relative charge of a neutron
◍ -1.
Answer: Relative charge of an electron
◍ strong nuclear force.
Answer: How is the nucleus held together
◍ nuclear force.
Answer: is the nuclear force or electrostatic force stronger
◍ number of protons.
Answer: what does the atomic number represent
◍ atomic number z.
, Answer: the number of protons in an atom
◍ number of protons and neutrons.
Answer: what does the mass number represent
◍ mass number (A).
Answer: the number of nucleons in an atom
◍ isotopes.
Answer: atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
◍ electrons.
Answer: what determines the reactivity of an atom
◍ H1/H2/H3.
Answer: hydrogen isotopes
◍ Cl35/Cl37.
Answer: Chlorine isotopes
◍ Br79/Br81.
Answer: Bromine isotopes
◍ C-14.
Answer: Carbon isotope used for carbon dating
◍ 2.
Answer: Number of electrons the first shell can hold
◍ As you go down group 1.
Answer: Softness increases, density increases, melting point decreases,
reactivity increases.
◍ 8.
Answer: Number of electrons the second shell can hold
◍ 18.
Answer: Number of electrons the third shell can hold
◍ Relative Atomic Mass.
, Answer: Ar
◍ Relative Atomic Mass.
Answer: average mass of 1 atom/1/12 of 1 atom of C-12
◍ determines the mass of separate atoms.
Answer: What does the mass spectrometer do?
◍ Vacuum.
Answer: First step of the TOF Spectrometer
◍ Time of Flight Mass spectrometer.
Answer: TOF spectrometer full
◍ Kept under a high vacuum to avoid collisions with air molecules.
Answer: Vacuum step (TOF)
◍ Ionisation.
Answer: Second step of the TOF spectrometer
◍ Dissolved in solvent and passing through needle to a positive terminal with
a high voltage producing positively charged droplets which have lost
electrons.
Answer: First method of ionisation (TOF)
◍ Molecules gain a proton.
Answer: Second method of ionisation (TOF)
◍ Acceleration.
Answer: Third step of the TOF spectrometer
◍ Positive ions attached to a negative plate so they accelerate towards it, faster
depending on their m/z ratio.
Answer: Acceleration step (TOF)
◍ mass/charge.
Answer: m/z ratio
◍ Ion Drift.
Answer: Fourth step of the TOF spectrometer
, ◍ Ions pass through a hole in the negative plate, forming a beam to travel
along the flight tube to the detector.
Answer: Ion Drift step (TOF)
◍ Detection.
Answer: Fifth step of the TOF spectrometer
◍ Ions with highest velocities arrive at the detector first and flight times
recorded. Ions pick up an electron which causes a current to flow so they are
detected.
Answer: Detection step (TOF)
◍ Data Analaysis.
Answer: Sixth step of the TOF spectrometer
◍ signal from the detector goes to a computer which generates the mass
spectrum.
Answer: Data Analysis step (TOF)
◍ Identify the abundance of different isotopes.
Answer: What can the mass spectrometer do
◍ abundance.
Answer: what does the height of a peak on a mass spectrum give
◍ m/z.
Answer: what does the horizontal axis on a mass spectrum give
◍ (abundance x m/z) + (abundance x m/z) all over total abundance.
Answer: How to work out the Ar of an element from a mass spectrum
◍ 2n2.
Answer: General formula for the maximum number of electrons each energy
level can hold
◍ s,p,d,f.
Answer: four different atomic sub-levels
◍ s,p.
ELEMENTS AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
FINAL TEST 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ 1.
Answer: relative mass of a proton
◍ 1.
Answer: relative mass of a neutron
◍ 1/1840.
Answer: relative mass of an electron
◍ +1.
Answer: relative charge of a proton
◍ 0.
Answer: relative charge of a neutron
◍ -1.
Answer: Relative charge of an electron
◍ strong nuclear force.
Answer: How is the nucleus held together
◍ nuclear force.
Answer: is the nuclear force or electrostatic force stronger
◍ number of protons.
Answer: what does the atomic number represent
◍ atomic number z.
, Answer: the number of protons in an atom
◍ number of protons and neutrons.
Answer: what does the mass number represent
◍ mass number (A).
Answer: the number of nucleons in an atom
◍ isotopes.
Answer: atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
◍ electrons.
Answer: what determines the reactivity of an atom
◍ H1/H2/H3.
Answer: hydrogen isotopes
◍ Cl35/Cl37.
Answer: Chlorine isotopes
◍ Br79/Br81.
Answer: Bromine isotopes
◍ C-14.
Answer: Carbon isotope used for carbon dating
◍ 2.
Answer: Number of electrons the first shell can hold
◍ As you go down group 1.
Answer: Softness increases, density increases, melting point decreases,
reactivity increases.
◍ 8.
Answer: Number of electrons the second shell can hold
◍ 18.
Answer: Number of electrons the third shell can hold
◍ Relative Atomic Mass.
, Answer: Ar
◍ Relative Atomic Mass.
Answer: average mass of 1 atom/1/12 of 1 atom of C-12
◍ determines the mass of separate atoms.
Answer: What does the mass spectrometer do?
◍ Vacuum.
Answer: First step of the TOF Spectrometer
◍ Time of Flight Mass spectrometer.
Answer: TOF spectrometer full
◍ Kept under a high vacuum to avoid collisions with air molecules.
Answer: Vacuum step (TOF)
◍ Ionisation.
Answer: Second step of the TOF spectrometer
◍ Dissolved in solvent and passing through needle to a positive terminal with
a high voltage producing positively charged droplets which have lost
electrons.
Answer: First method of ionisation (TOF)
◍ Molecules gain a proton.
Answer: Second method of ionisation (TOF)
◍ Acceleration.
Answer: Third step of the TOF spectrometer
◍ Positive ions attached to a negative plate so they accelerate towards it, faster
depending on their m/z ratio.
Answer: Acceleration step (TOF)
◍ mass/charge.
Answer: m/z ratio
◍ Ion Drift.
Answer: Fourth step of the TOF spectrometer
, ◍ Ions pass through a hole in the negative plate, forming a beam to travel
along the flight tube to the detector.
Answer: Ion Drift step (TOF)
◍ Detection.
Answer: Fifth step of the TOF spectrometer
◍ Ions with highest velocities arrive at the detector first and flight times
recorded. Ions pick up an electron which causes a current to flow so they are
detected.
Answer: Detection step (TOF)
◍ Data Analaysis.
Answer: Sixth step of the TOF spectrometer
◍ signal from the detector goes to a computer which generates the mass
spectrum.
Answer: Data Analysis step (TOF)
◍ Identify the abundance of different isotopes.
Answer: What can the mass spectrometer do
◍ abundance.
Answer: what does the height of a peak on a mass spectrum give
◍ m/z.
Answer: what does the horizontal axis on a mass spectrum give
◍ (abundance x m/z) + (abundance x m/z) all over total abundance.
Answer: How to work out the Ar of an element from a mass spectrum
◍ 2n2.
Answer: General formula for the maximum number of electrons each energy
level can hold
◍ s,p,d,f.
Answer: four different atomic sub-levels
◍ s,p.
