NUR 425
NUR 425 Exam 2 |Questions and
Answers |2026 Graded A+
Piaget created a theory of development related to what?
Cognitive abilities varying from age to age
Erikson created a theory of development related to what?
Psychosocial development
Birth to 12 months. Learns trust as basic needs are met. Mistrust if needs not met
or unable to delay gratification.
Trust vs. Mistrust
12 months to three years. Learns independent behaviors such as feeding and
dressing, exercises choices, exerts self. Shame and doubt if independence is not
encouraged.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
3-5 years old. Goal direction, competitive, exploratory behavior. Imaginative play.
Initiative occurs when child independently begins inactivity instead of merely
responding to or imitating other. Guilt occurs when caregivers frequently
reprimand behaviors reflecting initiative.
Initiative vs. Guilt
6-12 years old. Learns self worth. Gains mastery of psychosocial, physiological,
and cognitive skills. Becomes socially and peer focused. Less family focused.
Inferiority can develop when school-age children are ridiculed by peers, don't
measure up to adult standards, or lack certain skills.
Industry vs. Inferiority
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12-17 years old. Develops a sense of who they are intellectually, cognitively,
behaviorally, and emotionally. Emerging physical and sexual maturity is integrated
with already existing skills and abilities. Gains independence from parents. Peers
are very important. A crucial stage in development, as identity formation affects
commitments and decisions made later in life. Role confusion occurs when the
adolescent is unable to acquire a sense of direction, self, or place within the
world.
Role Identity vs. Role Confusion
Birth to 2 years. Develops object permanence. Puts things in mouth, learns motor
and vision skills, emphasis on reflexes and reacting to stimuli. Infants try to make
sense of their world through sensory perceptions and and motor activities such as
looking, sucking, rooting, and grasping.
Interested in novelty, repetition; understands causality; solicits help from others
Simple problem solving; imitates
Develops object permanence; anticipates others' actions; differentiates
familiar/unfamiliar objects
Sensorimotor stage
2-7 years. The child develops animism, egocentric thought, mental imagery,
increasing language. Preconceptual thought, artificialism, finalism. Use language
to represent thoughts and ideas.
Preoperational stage
Indicates the the child does not yet understand what a concept involves, that is,
that a concept refers to a certain class of things which have a certain feature in
common on the basis of which they can be grouped together, even if they differ in
another respects. In the preoperational stage.
Preconceptual thought
Refers to the meaning that preschool children attach to "why?" questions. For
young children the "why?" question can have two different meanings. believe that
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,NUR 425
everything, including death, must have a cause no matter how insignificant, even
if it
happens by chance. In the preoperational stage.
Finalism
Refers to the child's belief that all the physical phenomena in the world are
produced by people, for the use of people.
Artificialism
7 to 12 years. Understands relationships, classification, conservations, seriation,
and reversibility. Have difficulty in understanding objects and events the do not
have concrete evidence. Logical reasoning limited. Less egocentric thought. Can
see another's point of view.
Concrete operations
13 years and older. Capable of systematic, abstract thought. Flexibility and
adaptability. Make and test hypotheses. Can solve most contradictions. Think
about possibilities.
Formal operations
A nurse is caring for a 2-year-old child who has been hospitalized for 12 hours.
Which of the following situations would most affect the child's behavior?
a. The presence of other children
b. A lack of familiar toys
c. The presence of nurses
d. The separation from parents
D (Between the ages of 6 months and 2.5 years, separation anxiety is very
common. Separation from parents should be avoided when possible, due to the
distress it causes.)
NUR 425
, NUR 425
The nurse provides anticipatory guidance to the parents of a 4-year old client.
Which teaching points does the nurse include?
a. Telling lies is normal in this age group.
b. Give Syrup of Ipecac for accidental ingestions.
c. Avoid giving raw carrots and grapes.
d. Nightmares and night terrors are common.
e. Ensure helmet use when riding a tricycle.
A D E (Preschoolers are concrete and magical thinkers and enjoy pretend play.
They often are not able to differentiate fantasy from reality. The parents need
teaching to guide the child through this stage. Syrup of Ipecac is not routinely
recommended. Parents should always call Poison Control before treating the child
who has ingested a non-food substance. Raw carrots and whole grapes are safe
for the child over age 3 years. These are choking hazards for children younger than
3 years of age. Nightmares and night terrors are common in the pre-school age
group. Nightmares are decreased by limiting exposure to frightening images. Night
terrors are self-limiting. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends the use
of bicycle helmets when riding a tricyle, while learning to ride a bicycle, and when
riding a bike independently.)
A nurse is performing a developmental assessment on a 15-month-old. Which of
the following findings is of the most concern?
a. Unable to stand for 2 seconds
b. Unable to run
c. Unable to say 3 words
d. Unable to put on clothing
A
The nurse cares for a client who is four years old at a well child check. What
behavior observed by the nurse would be unexpected for the client who is 4 years
old?
NUR 425
NUR 425 Exam 2 |Questions and
Answers |2026 Graded A+
Piaget created a theory of development related to what?
Cognitive abilities varying from age to age
Erikson created a theory of development related to what?
Psychosocial development
Birth to 12 months. Learns trust as basic needs are met. Mistrust if needs not met
or unable to delay gratification.
Trust vs. Mistrust
12 months to three years. Learns independent behaviors such as feeding and
dressing, exercises choices, exerts self. Shame and doubt if independence is not
encouraged.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
3-5 years old. Goal direction, competitive, exploratory behavior. Imaginative play.
Initiative occurs when child independently begins inactivity instead of merely
responding to or imitating other. Guilt occurs when caregivers frequently
reprimand behaviors reflecting initiative.
Initiative vs. Guilt
6-12 years old. Learns self worth. Gains mastery of psychosocial, physiological,
and cognitive skills. Becomes socially and peer focused. Less family focused.
Inferiority can develop when school-age children are ridiculed by peers, don't
measure up to adult standards, or lack certain skills.
Industry vs. Inferiority
NUR 425
,NUR 425
12-17 years old. Develops a sense of who they are intellectually, cognitively,
behaviorally, and emotionally. Emerging physical and sexual maturity is integrated
with already existing skills and abilities. Gains independence from parents. Peers
are very important. A crucial stage in development, as identity formation affects
commitments and decisions made later in life. Role confusion occurs when the
adolescent is unable to acquire a sense of direction, self, or place within the
world.
Role Identity vs. Role Confusion
Birth to 2 years. Develops object permanence. Puts things in mouth, learns motor
and vision skills, emphasis on reflexes and reacting to stimuli. Infants try to make
sense of their world through sensory perceptions and and motor activities such as
looking, sucking, rooting, and grasping.
Interested in novelty, repetition; understands causality; solicits help from others
Simple problem solving; imitates
Develops object permanence; anticipates others' actions; differentiates
familiar/unfamiliar objects
Sensorimotor stage
2-7 years. The child develops animism, egocentric thought, mental imagery,
increasing language. Preconceptual thought, artificialism, finalism. Use language
to represent thoughts and ideas.
Preoperational stage
Indicates the the child does not yet understand what a concept involves, that is,
that a concept refers to a certain class of things which have a certain feature in
common on the basis of which they can be grouped together, even if they differ in
another respects. In the preoperational stage.
Preconceptual thought
Refers to the meaning that preschool children attach to "why?" questions. For
young children the "why?" question can have two different meanings. believe that
NUR 425
,NUR 425
everything, including death, must have a cause no matter how insignificant, even
if it
happens by chance. In the preoperational stage.
Finalism
Refers to the child's belief that all the physical phenomena in the world are
produced by people, for the use of people.
Artificialism
7 to 12 years. Understands relationships, classification, conservations, seriation,
and reversibility. Have difficulty in understanding objects and events the do not
have concrete evidence. Logical reasoning limited. Less egocentric thought. Can
see another's point of view.
Concrete operations
13 years and older. Capable of systematic, abstract thought. Flexibility and
adaptability. Make and test hypotheses. Can solve most contradictions. Think
about possibilities.
Formal operations
A nurse is caring for a 2-year-old child who has been hospitalized for 12 hours.
Which of the following situations would most affect the child's behavior?
a. The presence of other children
b. A lack of familiar toys
c. The presence of nurses
d. The separation from parents
D (Between the ages of 6 months and 2.5 years, separation anxiety is very
common. Separation from parents should be avoided when possible, due to the
distress it causes.)
NUR 425
, NUR 425
The nurse provides anticipatory guidance to the parents of a 4-year old client.
Which teaching points does the nurse include?
a. Telling lies is normal in this age group.
b. Give Syrup of Ipecac for accidental ingestions.
c. Avoid giving raw carrots and grapes.
d. Nightmares and night terrors are common.
e. Ensure helmet use when riding a tricycle.
A D E (Preschoolers are concrete and magical thinkers and enjoy pretend play.
They often are not able to differentiate fantasy from reality. The parents need
teaching to guide the child through this stage. Syrup of Ipecac is not routinely
recommended. Parents should always call Poison Control before treating the child
who has ingested a non-food substance. Raw carrots and whole grapes are safe
for the child over age 3 years. These are choking hazards for children younger than
3 years of age. Nightmares and night terrors are common in the pre-school age
group. Nightmares are decreased by limiting exposure to frightening images. Night
terrors are self-limiting. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends the use
of bicycle helmets when riding a tricyle, while learning to ride a bicycle, and when
riding a bike independently.)
A nurse is performing a developmental assessment on a 15-month-old. Which of
the following findings is of the most concern?
a. Unable to stand for 2 seconds
b. Unable to run
c. Unable to say 3 words
d. Unable to put on clothing
A
The nurse cares for a client who is four years old at a well child check. What
behavior observed by the nurse would be unexpected for the client who is 4 years
old?
NUR 425
