ADVANCED ASSESSMENT: INTERPRETING FINDINGS AND FORMULATING DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES 5th Edition by Goolsby test bank is not a book but rather exam practice questions and answers

Test Bank for Advanced Assessment: Interpreting Findings
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and Formulating Differential Diagnoses, 5th Edition, Mary Jo
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Goolsby, Laurie GrubbsChapter 1 - 22 | Complete
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,Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview
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Multiple Choice
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Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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+r 1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
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A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick

+r 2. Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
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A. Methodical and systematic +r +r


B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language +r +r +r +r +r +r +r


C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
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D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements +r +r +r +r +r +r




Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
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+r 3. A. Chief complaint +r


B. History of the present illness +r +r +r +r


C. Current vital signs +r +r


D. All of the above are essential history components
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Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner must
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+r 4. beable to: +r +r


A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings +r +r +r +r +r


B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
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C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions +r +r +r +r +r +r +r +r +r


D. Foresee unpredictable findings +r +r




The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
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+r 5. A. Evidence-based investigations +r


B. Primary reports of research +r +r +r


C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience +r +r +r +r +r


D. Published meta-analyses +r




The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
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+r 6. A. Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article +r +r +r +r +r +r


B. Clinical practice guidelines +r +r


C. Evidence-based research +r


D. All of the above +r +r +r




If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
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A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
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+r 7. B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
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C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
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D. None of the above +r +r +r

,+r 8. If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a:
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A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
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D. Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result
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+r 9. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
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A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
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B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease
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C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
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D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease
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+r +r+r+ r 10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-
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based resource based on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in sele
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ct situations, settings, and/orpatients?
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A. Clinical practice guideline +r +r +
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B. Clinical decision rule Cli +r +r +r


C. nical algorithm Clinical r
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D. ecommendation

, Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-
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Answer Section
Making: Overview
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MULTIPLE CHOICE
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1. ANS: B + r


Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-
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making: intuitive and analytical. Intuitive decision-making (similar to Augenblink decision-
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making) is based on the experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable and paired
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with fairly common errors. In contrast, analytical decision-
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making is based on careful consideration and has greater reliabilitywith rare errors.
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PTS: 1
2. ANS: D + r


To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient’s verbal a
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ndnonverbal language, and able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses to questions. R
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ather than reading into the patient’s statements, they clarify any areas of uncertainty.
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PTS: 1
3. ANS: C + r


Vital signs are part of the physical examination portion of patient assessment, not part of the health
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history.

PTS: 1
4. ANS: D + r


While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate between
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normal and abnormal findings, recall knowledge of a range of conditions, including their associ
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ated signs and symptoms, recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other condit
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ions, and distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal findings.
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PTS: 1
5. ANS: C + r


Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and published
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meta-
analyses. Another source of statistics, the one that has been most widely used and available f
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or application to the reasoning process, is the estimation based on a provider’s experience, al
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though these are rarely accurate. Over the past decade, the availability of evidence on which
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to base clinical reasoning is improving, and there is an increasing expectation that clinical reas
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oningbe based on scientific evidence. Evidence-
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based statistics are also increasingly being used to develop resources to facilitate clinical decis
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ion-making.

PTS: 1
6. ANS: D + r


To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-
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based resources have been developedto assist the clinician. Resources, such as algorithms and
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clinical practice guidelines, assist in clinical reasoning when properly applied.
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