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What are the 3 primary physiological changes of aging? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1.
Reduced physiological reserve of most body systems, esp. cardiac, resp,
renal.
2. Reduced homeostatic mechanisms that fail to adjust regulatory systems
(i.e. temp control, fluid/lyte balance, etc.).
,3. Impaired immunological function (infection risk is greater, autoimmune
dz's more prevalent)
What is the preferred amount of exercise for elderly? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔30min/day 5 days/wk of moderate exercise.
If trying to lose wt: 60min/day.
What are PFTs? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Group of tests that provide quantifiable
measurement of lung function, used to dx resp abnormalities or assess
progression/resolution of lung dz.
What is FEV1? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second
(80-120%)
What is FVC? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Forced Vital Capacity (80-120%)
What is normal FEV1/FVC ratio? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔<0.7 (70%)
What is GOLD 1 criteria? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Mild
FEV1 >/= 80% predicted
,What is GOLD 2 criteria? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Moderate
FEV1 50-79% predicted
What is GOLD 3 criteria? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Severe
FEV1 30-49% predicted
What is GOLD 4 criteria? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Very severe
FEV1 <30% predicted
What are the signal symptoms of COPD? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Dyspnea
Chronic cough w/sputum
Decreased activity tolerance
Wheezing
What are characteristics of COPD? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Common,
preventable, treatable.
Characterized by persistent airflow limitation.
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, Usually progressive, associated with enhanced chronic inflammatory
response in airways and lungs to noxious particles/gases
Airway fibrosis, luminal plugs, airway inflammation, increased airway
resistance, small airway dz.
Decreased elastic recoil of alveoli.
What are risk factors for COPD? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Smoking (increasing
w/number of pack years)
Second hand smoke
Environmental pollution (endotoxins, coal dust, mineral dust)
What is seen on phys exam in COPD? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔May be normal in
early states
As severity progresses: lung hyperinflation, decreased breath sounds,
wheezes at bases, distant heart tones (b/c of hyperinflation, so S1/S2