CTD 121 - FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026
Design Process - Answers A systematic approach to solving the design problems and developing a
superior process.
Steps of the Design Process - Answers 1. Programming
2. Schematic Planning
3. Design Development
4. Design Documentation
5. Project Installation
6. Post Occupancy Evaluations (POEs)
Programming in the Design Process - Answers Research, Client Profile, Problem Statement, Design
Concept, Concept Board
Schematic Planning in the Design Process - Answers Adjacency Matrix, Relationship Diagram,
Planning Information, Design Standards
Design Development in the Design Process - Answers Bubble Diagrams, Block Plans, Preliminary
Drafts of Design
Design Documentation in the Design Process - Answers Final Drafts of Construction Drawings (Floor
Plan, Furnishings Plan, Lighting and Electrical Plan, Finish Plans, Elevations, Detail Drawings, etc.)
Project Installation in the Design Process - Answers Instal Everything
Post Occupancy Evaluations (POEs) - Answers Surveys of the occupants after the design has been in
place for several months.
Elements of Design - Answers 1. Point
2. Line
3. Shape
4. Mass/Form
5. Color
6. Light/Tone/Value
7. Texture
8. Space/Perspective
Principles of Design - Answers 1. Pattern
2. Rhythm
3. Proportion
4. Scale
5. Balance
6. Harmony
7. Emphasis
8. Unity and Variety
3-Way Switch - Answers Used where one or more fixtures will be switched in TWO places.
4-Way Switch - Answers Used where MORE THAN TWO switches are used to control one or more
fixtures.
Accessibility - Answers Features of buildings or spaces that enable use by people regardless of their
level of ability.
Adjacency Matrix - Answers A chart, in a table format, that identifies the adjacencies and relationship
of each space.
AFF - Answers Above Finished Floor
Anthropometrics - Answers The comparison and study of human body measurements.
Apron - Answers Horizontal trim under the sill of the interior window.
Architect's Scale - Answers Also known as a scale ruler, is designed for use in determining the actual
dimensions of a distance on a scaled drawing. Most architectural, construction, and engineering
drawings and blueprints are scaled to allow for large areas, structures, or items to conveniently fit on
a reasonable size of paper.
Architectural Elements - Answers The floors, ceilings, windows, doors, fireplaces, walls, cabinetry,
and other fixtures or details that are built into an interior.
Architectural Lettering - Answers Lettering that is drawn carefully in all uppercase, using guidelines,
and with uniformity.
Backsplash - Answers Area behind a countertop, usually measuring 4" to 18" vertically.
, Barrier-Free Design - Answers Design approach with no physical obstacles or barriers, allowing free
movement in the environment.
Base Cabinets - Answers The lower segment of cabinets in kitchens or other rooms that support the
countertops.
Baseboard - Answers The finishing board of a variety of different materials that covers the area
where the wall joins the floor.
Block Plans - Answers The blocking out of space within a floor plan with consideration of actual areas
and clearances of spaces.
Bubble Diagrams - Answers The first step programming where bubbles represent zones and areas
where the spaces will be designed in proximity to one another.
Building Code - Answers Federal, state, or local ruling laws that stipulate building safety and health
requirements to help ensure the safety, health, and welfare of the general public during construction
and occupancy.
Building Shell - Answers The architecture of the existing building, including the framework, the
perimeter/exterior walls, the building core and columns, and other structural, load bearing elements
of the building.
Centerline - Answers Used to mark the distances to objects in the drawing, such as walls, doors,
windows, and plumbing fixtures.
Client Intake Meeting - Answers Initial meeting with client to discuss the scope of the project and
services.
Client Profile - Answers All of the information about the client(s) and their needs for the project.
Collage - Answers The technique of composing a work of art by assembling on a single surface various
materials not normally associated with one another. A collage may include newspaper clippings,
ribbons, papers, photography, and found objects such as a piece of moss or broken glass.
Color/Colour - Answers A phenomenon of light (such as red, brown, pink, or grey) or visual
perception that enables one to differentiate otherwise identical objects. The aspect of the appearance
of objects and light sources that may be described in terms hue, lightness, and saturation for objects
and hue, brightness, and saturation for light sources.
Concept Statement - Answers A description of the conceptual idea or driving force behind a design
project.
Construction Documents - Answers Includes all of the documents and drawings created for a project,
such as construction drawings and contract documents.
Construction Drawings/Working Drawings - Answers The detailed working drawings that define the
work to be constructed. This may include partition plans, power and communication plans, reflected
ceiling plans, material and finishes plan, as well as elevations, sections and details, along with the
drawings of associated consultants. Also, the final drawings used to obtain bids and create a contract.
Contract Administration - Answers The set of services which may include developing and monitoring
schedules and construction costs; ensuring construction is completed in conformance with contracts
and design intent; liaison with contractors and consultants throughout the course of construction;
reviewing shop drawings and submissions from contractor; observing and commenting on
construction progress; monitoring move-in and furniture installation; and conducting required post-
occupancy evaluations.
Contract Documents - Answers The set of documents that form a part of the legal contract for
services between two or more parties. Those typically include detailed instructions to the contractor,
tender forms, construction documents, and specifications.
Control Panel - Answers A device that can control lighting and/or other electronic features within one
location and/or device.
Deliverables - Answers The objects or documents produced or provided as a result of the design
process or project parameters.
Design Concept - Answers A design or an idea for a design to find the solution to a problem, pulling
together different ideas to form a viable design.
Design Development - Answers The stage in the design process that you develop your block plans
into construction drawings
Design Documentation - Answers The stage in the design process that you create the final drafts of
the construction documents.
Design Process - Answers The systematic process for developing a design project.
Design Process - Answers A systematic approach to solving the design problems and developing a
superior process.
Steps of the Design Process - Answers 1. Programming
2. Schematic Planning
3. Design Development
4. Design Documentation
5. Project Installation
6. Post Occupancy Evaluations (POEs)
Programming in the Design Process - Answers Research, Client Profile, Problem Statement, Design
Concept, Concept Board
Schematic Planning in the Design Process - Answers Adjacency Matrix, Relationship Diagram,
Planning Information, Design Standards
Design Development in the Design Process - Answers Bubble Diagrams, Block Plans, Preliminary
Drafts of Design
Design Documentation in the Design Process - Answers Final Drafts of Construction Drawings (Floor
Plan, Furnishings Plan, Lighting and Electrical Plan, Finish Plans, Elevations, Detail Drawings, etc.)
Project Installation in the Design Process - Answers Instal Everything
Post Occupancy Evaluations (POEs) - Answers Surveys of the occupants after the design has been in
place for several months.
Elements of Design - Answers 1. Point
2. Line
3. Shape
4. Mass/Form
5. Color
6. Light/Tone/Value
7. Texture
8. Space/Perspective
Principles of Design - Answers 1. Pattern
2. Rhythm
3. Proportion
4. Scale
5. Balance
6. Harmony
7. Emphasis
8. Unity and Variety
3-Way Switch - Answers Used where one or more fixtures will be switched in TWO places.
4-Way Switch - Answers Used where MORE THAN TWO switches are used to control one or more
fixtures.
Accessibility - Answers Features of buildings or spaces that enable use by people regardless of their
level of ability.
Adjacency Matrix - Answers A chart, in a table format, that identifies the adjacencies and relationship
of each space.
AFF - Answers Above Finished Floor
Anthropometrics - Answers The comparison and study of human body measurements.
Apron - Answers Horizontal trim under the sill of the interior window.
Architect's Scale - Answers Also known as a scale ruler, is designed for use in determining the actual
dimensions of a distance on a scaled drawing. Most architectural, construction, and engineering
drawings and blueprints are scaled to allow for large areas, structures, or items to conveniently fit on
a reasonable size of paper.
Architectural Elements - Answers The floors, ceilings, windows, doors, fireplaces, walls, cabinetry,
and other fixtures or details that are built into an interior.
Architectural Lettering - Answers Lettering that is drawn carefully in all uppercase, using guidelines,
and with uniformity.
Backsplash - Answers Area behind a countertop, usually measuring 4" to 18" vertically.
, Barrier-Free Design - Answers Design approach with no physical obstacles or barriers, allowing free
movement in the environment.
Base Cabinets - Answers The lower segment of cabinets in kitchens or other rooms that support the
countertops.
Baseboard - Answers The finishing board of a variety of different materials that covers the area
where the wall joins the floor.
Block Plans - Answers The blocking out of space within a floor plan with consideration of actual areas
and clearances of spaces.
Bubble Diagrams - Answers The first step programming where bubbles represent zones and areas
where the spaces will be designed in proximity to one another.
Building Code - Answers Federal, state, or local ruling laws that stipulate building safety and health
requirements to help ensure the safety, health, and welfare of the general public during construction
and occupancy.
Building Shell - Answers The architecture of the existing building, including the framework, the
perimeter/exterior walls, the building core and columns, and other structural, load bearing elements
of the building.
Centerline - Answers Used to mark the distances to objects in the drawing, such as walls, doors,
windows, and plumbing fixtures.
Client Intake Meeting - Answers Initial meeting with client to discuss the scope of the project and
services.
Client Profile - Answers All of the information about the client(s) and their needs for the project.
Collage - Answers The technique of composing a work of art by assembling on a single surface various
materials not normally associated with one another. A collage may include newspaper clippings,
ribbons, papers, photography, and found objects such as a piece of moss or broken glass.
Color/Colour - Answers A phenomenon of light (such as red, brown, pink, or grey) or visual
perception that enables one to differentiate otherwise identical objects. The aspect of the appearance
of objects and light sources that may be described in terms hue, lightness, and saturation for objects
and hue, brightness, and saturation for light sources.
Concept Statement - Answers A description of the conceptual idea or driving force behind a design
project.
Construction Documents - Answers Includes all of the documents and drawings created for a project,
such as construction drawings and contract documents.
Construction Drawings/Working Drawings - Answers The detailed working drawings that define the
work to be constructed. This may include partition plans, power and communication plans, reflected
ceiling plans, material and finishes plan, as well as elevations, sections and details, along with the
drawings of associated consultants. Also, the final drawings used to obtain bids and create a contract.
Contract Administration - Answers The set of services which may include developing and monitoring
schedules and construction costs; ensuring construction is completed in conformance with contracts
and design intent; liaison with contractors and consultants throughout the course of construction;
reviewing shop drawings and submissions from contractor; observing and commenting on
construction progress; monitoring move-in and furniture installation; and conducting required post-
occupancy evaluations.
Contract Documents - Answers The set of documents that form a part of the legal contract for
services between two or more parties. Those typically include detailed instructions to the contractor,
tender forms, construction documents, and specifications.
Control Panel - Answers A device that can control lighting and/or other electronic features within one
location and/or device.
Deliverables - Answers The objects or documents produced or provided as a result of the design
process or project parameters.
Design Concept - Answers A design or an idea for a design to find the solution to a problem, pulling
together different ideas to form a viable design.
Design Development - Answers The stage in the design process that you develop your block plans
into construction drawings
Design Documentation - Answers The stage in the design process that you create the final drafts of
the construction documents.
Design Process - Answers The systematic process for developing a design project.
