NURS 1512 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026

NURS 1512 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026 Infection control is best described as: A. Eliminating all microorganisms B. Measures that reduce or eliminate sources and transmission of infection C. Using antibiotics to prevent infection D. Isolating only infected patients - Answers B. Measures that reduce or eliminate sources and transmission of infection Health care-associated infections (HAIs) are: A. Present before admission B. Caused by poor hygiene at home C. Acquired in health care settings D. Always preventable - Answers C. Acquired in health care settings Medical asepsis refers to: A. Maintaining a sterile field B. Procedures that reduce the number of organisms and prevent transfer C. Surgical hand scrubbing only D. Use of sterile gloves only - Answers B. Procedures that reduce the number of organisms and prevent transfer Surgical asepsis is required for: A. Making an occupied bed B. Taking vital signs C. Insertion of a urinary catheter D. Feeding a patient - Answers C. Insertion of a urinary catheter Alcohol-based hand rub is preferred when: A. Hands are visibly soiled B. Caring for C. difficile C. Hands are not visibly soiled D. After using the toilet - Answers C. Hands are not visibly soiled Soap and water must be used when caring for patients with: A. Influenza B. Clostridioides difficile C. Hypertension D. Diabetes - Answers B. Clostridium difficile Droplet precautions are required when droplets can travel within: A. 3 metres B. 2 metres C. 1 metre D. 5 metres - Answers C. 1 metre Fingernails should not exceed: A. 1 cm B. 0.625 cm C. 0.5 inches D. 2 cm - Answers B. 0.625 cm Additional precautions are used for patients who are: A. All admitted patients B. Known or suspected to have transmissible microorganisms C. Only surgical patients D. Only ICU patients - Answers B. Known or suspected to have transmissible microorganisms Which organization provides isolation guidelines in Canada? A. WHO B. CDC C. Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) D. Red Cross - Answers C. Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) T/F: All patients in any health care setting are at risk for infection. A. True B. False - Answers A. True T/F: Alcohol-based hand rub removes C. difficile spores effectively. A. True B. False - Answers B. False T/F: Routine practices apply only to patients with confirmed infections. A. True B. False - Answers B. False Which are types of additional precautions? (SATA) A. Contact precautions B. Droplet precautions C. Airborne precautions D. Standard charting precautions - Answers A. Contact precautions B. Droplet precautions C. Airborne precautions When should soap and water be used for hand hygiene? (SATA) A. When hands are visibly soiled B. After using the toilet C. Before eating D. When hands look clean - Answers A. When hands are visibly soiled B. After using the toilet C. Before eating Factors influencing the decision to perform hand hygiene include: (SATA) A. Amount of contamination B. Susceptibility to infection C. Nurse's workload D. Degree of contact - Answers A. Amount of contamination B. Susceptibility to infection D. Degree of contact Safety guidelines include: (SATA) A. Maintaining short, clean fingernails B. Using gloves when risk of body fluid exposure exists C. Wearing PPE only if patient requests it D. Practicing cough hygiene - Answers A. Maintaining short, clean fingernails B. Using gloves when risk of body fluid exposure exists D. Practicing cough hygiene Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) include: (SATA) A. MRSA B. VRE C. C. difficile D. Influenza A - Answers A. MRSA B. VRE C. C. difficile A nurse is bathing a patient with peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Which finding requires immediate intervention? A. Dry skin on lower extremities B. Thickened toenails C. Pale foot with delayed capillary refill D. Complaint of cold sensitivity - Answers C. Pale foot with delayed capillary refill A patient with dementia becomes combative during bathing. What is the priority nursing action? A. Complete the bath quickly to minimize distress B. Stop the procedure and reassess triggers C. Call security for assistance D. Restrain the patient for safety - Answers B. Stop the procedure and reassess triggers Which patient is at greatest risk for aspiration during oral care? A. Alert older adult with dentures B. Postoperative patient receiving opioids C. Unconscious patient with absent gag reflex D. Patient with dry mouth from oxygen therapy - Answers C. Unconscious patient with absent gag reflex A nurse is preparing to trim a patient's toenails. Which situation requires clarification of orders? A. Patient with arthritis B. Patient with diabetes and neuropathy C. Patient requesting nail polish removal D. Patient who had a shower earlier - Answers B. Patient with diabetes and neuropathy Which documentation entry demonstrates appropriate legal accountability after hygiene care? A. "Bath given. Patient tolerated well." B. "Skin intact." C. "Complete bed bath provided; non-blanchable redness noted on sacrum (2 cm), charge nurse notified, repositioned, barrier cream applied." D. "No issues during care." - Answers C. "Complete bed bath provided; non-blanchable redness noted on sacrum (2 cm), charge nurse notified, repositioned, barrier cream applied." T/F: Hygiene care should always proceed from least clean to most clean areas A. True B. False - Answers B. False (most clean - least clean) T/F: Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) provides persistent antibacterial activity because it binds to the skin. A. True B. False - Answers A. True T/F: Loose-fitting dentures can contribute to unintended weight loss in older adults A. True B. False - Answers A. True T/F: Patients with diabetes should apply lotion between their toes to prevent dryness. A. True B. False - Answers B. False T/F: If a procedure is not documented in the EHR, legally it is considered not done. A. True B. False - Answers A. True Which patients would most likely require a complete bed bath? (SATA) A. Ventilator-dependent ICU patient B. Patient with long leg cast who can ambulate with crutches C. Patient with advanced Parkinson's disease who cannot reposition independently D. Independent long-term care resident E. Postoperative patient with spinal cord injury - Answers A. Ventilator-dependent ICU patient C. Patient with advanced Parkinson's disease who cannot reposition independently E. Postoperative patient with spinal cord injury When providing perineal care to a female patient with an indwelling catheter, the nurse should: (SATA) A. Cleanse from front to back B. Use a clean area of cloth for each stroke C. Remove the catheter during cleansing D. Wear clean gloves E. Clean around the catheter tubing - Answers A. Cleanse from front to back B. Use a clean area of cloth for each stroke D. Wear clean gloves E. Clean around the catheter tubing Which interventions reduce agitation during bathing of a patient with dementia? (SATA) A. Maintain a calm, low tone of voice B. Provide step-by-step explanation C. Rush to minimize exposure time D. Use distraction techniques E. Focus on the patient's emotional response - Answers A. Maintain a calm, low tone of voice B. Provide step-by-step explanation D. Use distraction techniques E. Focus on the patient's emotional response Which teaching points are appropriate for a patient with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy? (SATA) A. Inspect feet daily B. Walk barefoot indoors to increase circulation C. Dry carefully between toes D. Test bath water temperature before immersion E. Trim nails aggressively to prevent ingrown nails - Answers A. Inspect feet daily C. Dry carefully between toes D. Test bath water temperature before immersion During oral care for an unconscious patient, the nurse should: (SATA) A. Position patient laterally if possible B. Use minimal fluid C. Provide care alone if short-staffed D. Suction oral secretions E. Assess oral mucosa for lesions - Answers A. Position patient laterally if possible B. Use minimal fluid D. Suction oral secretions E. Assess oral mucosa for lesions A transfer is defined as: A. Moving a patient who cannot bear weight using a mechanical lift B. A dynamic effort in which the patient can bear weight on at least one leg C. Moving a fully dependent patient with three staff members D. Repositioning a patient in bed - Answers B. A dynamic effort in which the patient can bear weight on at least one leg A lift is required when a patient: A. Can pivot independently B. Can bear weight on one leg C. Cannot bear weight on at least one leg D. Has non-slip footwear - Answers C. Cannot bear weight on at least one leg Which action best demonstrates proper body mechanics? A. Twisting while lifting B. Bending at the waist C. Keeping feet pointed toward direction of movement D. Locking knees - Answers C. Keeping feet pointed toward direction of movement When performing a stand-and-pivot transfer, the nurse should: A. Place the weak leg forward B. Keep knees straight C. Pivot on the foot farthest from the chair D. Allow the patient to hold around the nurse's neck - Answers C. Pivot on the foot farthest from the chair The Morse Fall Scale includes all EXCEPT: A. History of falling B. IV/heparin lock C. Blood pressure D. Gait/transferring - Answers C. Blood pressure Which device provides the MOST stability? A. Cane B. Walker C. Crutches D. Transfer belt - Answers B. Walker Early mobility after surgery helps prevent: A. Deconditioning B. Frailty C. Venous thromboembolism D. All of the above - Answers D. All of the above When assisting ambulation, the nurse should use a gait belt to: A. Restrain the patient B. Increase patient safety C. Replace proper footwear D. Speed up ambulation - Answers B. Increase patient safety If a patient begins to fall during ambulation, the nurse should: A. Try to catch them B. Step away C. Lower them safely to the ground D. Pull them upright quickly - Answers C. Lower them safely to the ground Graduated compression stockings are primarily used to: A. Reduce muscle pain B. Prevent contractures C. Reduce blood stasis and promote circulation D. Improve balance - Answers C. Reduce blood stasis and promote circulation Loss of sensation increases risk for: A. Hypertension B. Pressure injuries C. Improved mobility D. Hyperactivity - Answers B. Pressure injuries When repositioning older adults, they should be repositioned at least every: A. 30 minutes B. 1-2 hours C. 4 hours D. 6 hours - Answers B. 1-2 hours T/F: Using both proper body mechanics AND patient-handling equipment is more effective than using one alone. A. True B. False - Answers A. True T/F: Bedrails should be used for convenience when patients attempt to get out of bed frequently. A. True B. False - Answers B. False T/F: Facing the direction of movement helps prevent abnormal twisting of the spine. A. True B. False - Answers A. True T/F: You can perform a mechanical lift alone if you are experienced. A. True B. False - Answers B. False (mechanical lifts require 2 staff) T/F: ROM exercises can be incorporated into ADLs. A. True B. False - Answers A. True T/F: Early ambulation helps prevent deconditioning. A. True B. False - Answers A. True Before transferring a patient, assess for: (SATA) A. Fear of falling B. Cognitive impairment C. Sensory status D. Favourite food - Answers A. Fear of falling B. Cognitive impairment C. Sensory status Proper sitting alignment in a chair includes: (SATA) A. Head erect B. Body weight evenly distributed C. Feet supported on floor D. Knees hyperextended - Answers A. Head erect B. Body weight evenly distributed C. Feet supported on floor The 5 P's of Safe Patient Handling include: (SATA) A. Plan B. Prepare C. Position D. Protect E. Prevent injuries F. Proceed quickly - Answers A. Plan B. Prepare C. Position D. Protect E. Prevent injuries Early mobility reduces risk of: (SATA) A. Pneumonia B. Improved circulation C. Pressure injuries D. Thrombosis - Answers A. Pneumonia C. Pressure injuries D. Thrombosis When using a hydraulic lift, the nurse should: (SATA) A. Use two caregivers B. Twist while pumping the handle C. Ensure sling extends from shoulders to knees D. Remove patient's glasses if appropriate - Answers A. Use two caregivers C. Ensure sling extends from shoulders to knees D. Remove patient's glasses if appropriate Documentation after ambulation should include: (SATA) A. Distance walked B. Type of assistive device used C. Patient tolerance D. Nurse's mood - Answers A. Distance walked B. Type of assistive device used C. Patient tolerance Teaching for assistive devices may include: (SATA) A. Arm strengthening exercises B. Walker maintenance C. Ignoring blisters D. Crutch height adjustment - Answers A. Arm strengthening exercises B. Walker maintenance D. Crutch height adjustment The purpose of the Integrated Nutrition Pathway for Acute Care (INPAC) is to: A. Provide enteral nutrition guidelines B. Identify patients at risk for malnutrition early C. Replace dietitian consultations D. Determine therapeutic diets - Answers B. Identify patients at risk for malnutrition early A nutrition assessment should be completed within: A. 12 hours B. 24 hours C. 48 hours D. 72 hours - Answers B. 24 hours The most important intervention to prevent aspiration in a patient suspected of dysphagia is to: A. Provide thickened fluids B. Place patient upright at 90° C. Keep patient NPO until evaluated D. Encourage small bites - Answers C. Keep patient NPO until evaluated