NUR 1212 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026

NUR 1212 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026 mood - Answers the way a person feels affect - Answers the observable response a person has to his or her feelings persistant depressive disorder - Answers AKA dysthmia, 2+ years for adults, 1+ for adolescents, symptom free, last no longer than 2 months, blue mostly every day, low self-esteem, low energy bipolar 1 vs bipolar 2 - Answers bipolar 1- full manic and depressive episodes, severe in onset, median onset is 18 years bipolar 2- alternating periods of extremely depressed and mildly elevated moods, less exaggerating than bipolar 1, higher prevalence in women major depressive disorder - Answers one of the most common, severe depressive mood symptoms that interfere with functional status (not showering, eating, etc), employment or relationship that last for at least a 2 week period of time, most likely to occur more than once, average onset is 33 years and more common in hispanics and women brain stimulation therapy - Answers second line to other therapies, electroconclusive: medically induced seizures, magnetic: instead of electricity. side effects- diarrhea, vomiting, drowsiness, muscle weakness, lack of coordination SSRI side effects - Answers n/v/d, nervousness, agitation, restlessness, dizziness, reduce sexual desire, erectile dysfunction, drowsiness, insomnia, weight gain/loss, headache, dry mouth MAOIs - Answers monoamine oxidase inhibitors also for refractory, but lesser used because of hypertensive crisis possibility when interacting with tyramine containing foods SNRI - Answers serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor best for refractory depression SSRI - Answers selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor- first line of choice must wait 3 weeks to see results, and often dose is increased after 3 weeks mood stabilizers - Answers lithium, antiepileptic drugs, second generation antipsychotics antidepressants - Answers serotonin reuptake inhibitors, norepi-dopamine reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin-norepi reuptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors pyschotherapy types - Answers cognitive and behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, family focused therapy, play therapy, sand tray therapy, light therapy, animal therapy, art therapy mental status exam - Answers in addition to vitals general appearance, motor activity, mood, affect, speech, alertness & orientation vegetative functioning - Answers refers to appetite, sleep and energy level normally reduced energy levels, but still functioning with some ADLs, sexual desire/libido is a way of measuring this anhedonia - Answers a diminished ability to experience pleasure assessment presentation - Answers agitation, sadness, elation, blunting, monotone speech, irritability, lack of interest in normal activities risk factors for individuals - Answers stress, early trauma, neglect, abuse, family history, comorbid physical and psychiatric disorders, substance abuse/dependency, personality disorders risk factors for populations - Answers women (2-3 times higher than men), adolescents/early adult, highest frequency during late twenties/early thirties and again in late 60s consequences of mood disturbances - Answers high use of medical care, reduced cerebral cortex blood flow, abnormal metabolism of phosphorus, disruption of neurotransmitters (dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin), potential for suicide and suicidal ideation, high energy or lethargy hypomania - Answers unstable affective state agitated and possibly euphoric, but to a less severe degree than mania with less impairment prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex - Answers responsible for judgment, decision making, problem solving, feelings, and emotional responses 3 influencing factors of mental health - Answers individual (personal), interpersonal (relationships), social/culture (environment) 5 general criteria for diagnosis of mental illness - Answers 1 dissatisfaction with characteristics, abilities or accomplishments 2 ineffective or unsatisfying relationships 3 dissatisfaction with ones place in the world 4 ineffective coping skills 5 lack of personal growth Aristotle's theory of mental illness - Answers 4 humors weren't balanced- blood, water, yellow and black bile what did Dorethea Dix do? - Answers from US, began crusade to reform the treatment of mental illness. helped open 32 state hospitals psychopharmacology period (1950's) - Answers psychotropic meds were developed. first 2 drugs were- thorazine (antipsychotic) and lithium (anti-manic) leading cause of disability in the US and Canada - Answers mental illness deinstitutionalization - Answers a deliberate shift in care of the mentally ill from institutional care in state hospitals to care in community-based facilities and through community-based services 4 objectives of healthy people 2020 - Answers 1- increase number of people identified, diagnosed, treated, helped 2- decrease rates of suicide and homelessness 3- increase employment for those with mental illness 4- provide more services for incarcerated people with mental health issues mental health parity act - Answers forbids health plans from placing lifetime or annual limits on mental health coverage that are less generous than those placed on medical or surgical benefits eliminated annual dollar and lifetime dollar amounts for mental health care through insurance what does health care finance administration handle - Answers medicare and medicaid who was the first American psych nurse - Answers Linda Richards the national league for nursing did what in 1950 - Answers required all nursing schools to include an experience in psych nursing what was Hildagard Peplau known for - Answers therapeutic nurse-client relationships with interpersonal dimensions what was June Mellow known for - Answers focusing on patients psychiatric needs, weaknesses and strengths what group develops nursing standards of care - Answers American Nurses Association basic level functions for nurses - Answers 1- counseling 2- milieu therapy 3- self care activities 4- psychobiological interventions 5- health teaching 6- case management 7- health promotion and maintenance advanced level functions for advanced nurses - Answers 1- psychotherapy 2- prescription writing 3- consultation, liaison 4- evaluation alzheimers stages - Answers 1- forgetfulness (mild) 2- confusion (moderate) 3- ambulatory dementia (moderate to severe) 4- end stage (late) alzheimers interventions - Answers identify & reinforce retained skills, orient, furnish with familiar possessions, assist pt and family to manage memory/behavior changes, encourage family to express feelings, provide caregiver with support and identify resources and support groups available, help maintain independence, constant encouragement with simple step by step approach, activities to distract and occupy time (music, coloring, tv), safe environment (ID bands, door secure, surveillance, sundown syndrome) dependent personality D - Answers cluster C, anxious, fearful intense lack of self confidence, low self esteem, inability to function independently, passively allows others to make decisions and assume responsibility for major areas in life and has great difficulty making decisions interventions for personality D - Answers maintain safety against self destructive behavior, allow to make choices and be as independent as possible, encourage to discuss feelings rather than act out, discuss expectations and responsibilities, discuss consequences that will follow certain behavior, inform harm to self or others is unacceptable, identify splitting behavior, assist to deal directly with anger, develop written safety/behavior contract, encourage journal record of daily feelings, encourage group act, praise non manipulative behavior, set and maintain limits to decrease manipulative behavior, remove from group sit when attention seeking behavior beings, provide realistic praise for positive behavior in social situations avoidant personality D - Answers cluster c, anxious, fearful social withdrawal and extreme sensitivity to potential rejection, feelings of inadequacy, hypersensitive to reactions of other and poor reactions to criticism, social isolation, lack of support system obsessive compulsive personality D - Answers cluster c, anxious, fearful difficulty expressing warm and tender emotions, perfectionism, stubbornness, need to control others and devotion to work, inflexible and preoccupied with details and rules, miserly and stubborn, hoarding behavior, engages in rituals cluster c personality D - Answers anxious, fearful types obsessive compulsive personality, avoidant, dependent borderline personality D - Answers cluster B, overemotional, erratic instability in interpersonal relationships, unstable mood and self image, impulsive and unpredictable, unclear identity, unstable and intense, extreme shifts in mood, easily angered and bored, argumentative, depression, self destructive behavior, manipulation, inability to tolerate anxiety, chronic feeling of empty and scared of being alone, splitting- see others as all good or all bad antisocial personality D - Answers cluster B, overemotional, erratic irresponsible, antisocial behavior, selfishness, inability to maintain lasting relationships, poor sexual adjustment, failure to accept social norms, tendency towards irritability and aggressiveness, perceives world as hostile, superficial charm but can be seen as hostile, no guilt, self centered, unreliable, poor work history, easily bored, unable to tolerate frustration, view others as objects to be manipulated, poor judgement, impulsive, conduct disorders in minors narcissistic personality D - Answers cluster B, overemotional, erratic increased sense of self importance and preoccupation with fantasies and unlimited success, need for admiration and inflation of accomplishments, overestimation of ability and underestimation of contributions of others, lack of empathy and sensitivity to others histrionic personality D - Answers cluster B, overemotional, erratic overly dramatic, center of attention, poor shallow interpersonal relationships, sexually seductive or provocative, theatrical, overly concerned with appearance, easily bored cluster B personality - Answers overemotional, erratic paranoid personality D - Answers cluster A, odd, eccentric suspiciousness and mistrust of others (paranoia), suspicious and distrusting, argumentative, hostile, aloof, rigid, critical, controlling, thoughts of grandiosity schizotypical personality D - Answers cluster A, odd, eccentric display of abnormal or highly unusual thoughts, perceptions, speech and behavior problems, suspicious, paranoia, magical thinking, odd thinking and speech, relationship deficits schizoid personality D - Answers cluster A, odd, eccentric inability to form warm, close social relationships, social detachment, lack close relationships, interest in solitary act, aloof and indifferent, restricted expression of emotions, lack of interest in others cluster A personality disorders - Answers odd, eccentric types schizoid, schizotypical, paranoid paranoid disorders and interventions - Answers paranoid personality: suspicious, nonspychotic, no signs schizo paranoia induced state: abrupt onset with stress, paranoid delusions paranoia: organized delusional system, no hallucinations, reserved and sensitive before onset, psychotic state paranoid schizo: do not whisper or laugh in front of, avoid direct eye contact, establish trust, acknowledge feelings but tell you do not share interpretation of the event, role playing to identify thoughts and feelings, concrete specific words, assure they will be safe, limit physical contact, monitor for agitation and decrease stimuli as needed #1 priority with hallucinations - Answers safety make sure nothing is telling them to harm self or others interventions for schizophrenia - Answers safety of patient, others therapeutic relationship; therapeutic communication interventions for delusional thoughts (focus on reality; no confrontation or reinforcement) interventions for hallucinations management of socially inappropriate behavior do not go along with hallucinations or delusions do not offer choices to client, gradually assist in making own decisions interventions for hallucinations - Answers ask directly about hallucination, avoid reacting to hallucinations as if were real, decrease stimuli or move to another area, de not negate pt experience, focus on reality based topics, attempt to engage their attention through concrete activity, respond verbally to anything real the client talks about, avoid touching them, monitor for signs of increased agitation or anxiety (may indicate hallucination is increasing) hallucination - Answers no basis of reality such as perceiving objects, sensations, images sense perception for which no external stimuli exists, can have organic or functional causes types- auditory (hearing voices that aren't present) gustatory (taste in absence of stimuli) olfactory (smelling smells that dont exist) tactile (feeling touch sensations in absence of stimuli) visual (seeing things that aren't there) delusion interventions - Answers ask to describe delusion, be open and honest in interactions to reduce suspiciousness, focus conversation on reality based topics rather than delusion, encourage to express feelings, if obsesses over delusion set limits on amount of time for talking about delusion, do not argue or try to convince that they are false, validate if part of delusion are real delusions - Answers false fixed belief types: grandeur- belief that one is a powerful and important person jealousy- ones partner is going out with others persecution- belief of being singled out for harm by others delusions- somatic - Answers believes that body changing or responding in unusual way with no basis to realities delusions- grandeur - Answers attaches special significance to self in relation to others or universe and has exaggerated sense of self that has no basis in reality delusions- persecutions - Answers believe being harassed, threatened, persecuted by some powerful force delusions- loss of reference - Answers believe that certain events, situations or reactions are related directly to self negative symptoms schizo - Answers blunt affect, poverty of thought (alogia), loss of motivation (avolition), inability to experience pleasure or joy (anhedonia) negative symptoms are worse than positive symptoms positive symptoms schizo - Answers hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, bizarre behavior medication of choice for bipolar - Answers lithium carbonate can be toxic, requires regular monitoring of serum levels, stable intake of adequate sodium and fluid (2-3 liters) to avoid toxicity medications for bipolar and classes - Answers lithium valproic acid (depakote) carbamazepine (tegretol) to reduce symptoms of acute bipolar manic episodes and for maintenance therapy -- lamotrigine (lamictal) anti anxiety to assist with agitation characteristics of mania atypical antipsychotics- for sedative and mood stabilizing effects olanzapine (zyprexa) ariprazole (Abilify) risperidone (risperidal) interventions for mania - Answers frequent rest periods, monitor sleep pattern, help focus on one topic at a time, present reality, do not argue with client, limit group activity, reduce environmental stimuli, finger foods (high calorie), walk with, one to one activities with nurse, simple and direct explanations treatment for depression - Answers counseling, antidepressants, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) ECT indications - Answers major depressive and bipolar disorder esp with psychotic symptoms present (delusions of guilt, somatic delusions, delusions of infidelity), mania resistant to lithium/antipsychotic meds, schizo, schizoaffective syndromes and psychotic clients, when there is need for rapid definitive response (suicidial, homicidal) extreme agitation or stupor ECT side effects - Answers confusion, disorientation, short term memory loss monitor close for suicidal ideation since they now have more energy assessment for schizo and motor behaviors - Answers catatonic posture- holding bizarre posture for long periods catatonic excitement- moving excitedly, with no environment stimuli present motor: echolalia- repeating speech of other person echopraxia- repeating movement of other person waxy flexibility- having ones arms or legs placed in certain position and holding same position for hours physical vs cognitive vs behavioral - Answers physical- brain sends messages to sympathetic nervous system, fight/flight response cognitive- activation leads to feelings of apprehension, nervousness, difficulty concentrating, panic behavioral- aggression is coupled with a desire to escape the threatening situation obsessive compulsion disorder - Answers an unusual disorder of ritual and doubt characterized by recurrent, time-consuming and disturbing obsessions and compulsions OCD is extremely resistant to reason OCD children often involve family members in rituals