CNSL 503 MODULE 3 CERTIFICATION
SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ Type of error that occurs when a researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis
when it is not true..
Answer: type 2 error
◍ Define probability.
Answer: likelihood of a certain outcome occurring
◍ Define hypothesis testing..
Answer: the formal process by which researchers sample data in order to
make inferences about a population.
◍ What does it mean if a value is within the criterion region?.
Answer: It indicates that it is unlikely that the treated sample is the same as
the untreated population; provides evidence to reject the null hypothesis.
◍ Define statistical significance..
Answer: if a sample statistic deviates greatly from population parameters to
a degree that seems to be beyond chance
◍ What is the difference between the null and alternative hypotheses?.
Answer: The null hypothesis (Ho) is the beginning assumption of any
hypothesis test that makes a particular claim about the value of a population
parameter and, in essence, claims that an observed effect or difference does
not exist. The alternative hypothesis (Ha) states that the value of the
population parameter differs from the value claimed in the null hypothesis
and, in essence, claims that an observed result or difference does exist.
◍ T/F: Biases are important to recognize as they impact the results of a study..
, Answer: True
◍ Calculate the probability of rolling an even number on a single fair dice..
Answer: P(even) = 2,4, = 3/6 = 1/2 = 0.5
◍ Why is use of logic seen as a problem in hypothesis testing?.
Answer: Hypothesis testing is often used as the only means to determine
significance. The results of hypothesis testing are frequently misinterpreted
and misunderstood
◍ Why is it important that researchers practice ethical sampling techniques
and data collection?.
Answer: To conduct data collection, analysis, and interpretation ethically is
of the utmost importance because it is the responsibility of researchers to
ensure that all information that they present to other researchers and to the
public is accurate. Failing to implement measures to minimize bias and error
can cause misleading results and false information to propagate.
◍ Type of error that occurs when a researcher rejects the null hypothesis when
it is actually true.
Answer: type 1 error
◍ T/F: If a sample is not representative of the population, then it is said to be
biased..
Answer: true
◍ Define sampling error..
Answer: any deviation between a statistic and a parameter. Results from
random sampling.
◍ What is a representative sample?.
Answer: sample composed of members that generally poses the same
characteristics as those of the population. Ideally same % breakdown as the
population as well.
◍ What is a proportional stratified sample?.
Answer: stratified sampling that produces a sample that includes similar
SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ Type of error that occurs when a researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis
when it is not true..
Answer: type 2 error
◍ Define probability.
Answer: likelihood of a certain outcome occurring
◍ Define hypothesis testing..
Answer: the formal process by which researchers sample data in order to
make inferences about a population.
◍ What does it mean if a value is within the criterion region?.
Answer: It indicates that it is unlikely that the treated sample is the same as
the untreated population; provides evidence to reject the null hypothesis.
◍ Define statistical significance..
Answer: if a sample statistic deviates greatly from population parameters to
a degree that seems to be beyond chance
◍ What is the difference between the null and alternative hypotheses?.
Answer: The null hypothesis (Ho) is the beginning assumption of any
hypothesis test that makes a particular claim about the value of a population
parameter and, in essence, claims that an observed effect or difference does
not exist. The alternative hypothesis (Ha) states that the value of the
population parameter differs from the value claimed in the null hypothesis
and, in essence, claims that an observed result or difference does exist.
◍ T/F: Biases are important to recognize as they impact the results of a study..
, Answer: True
◍ Calculate the probability of rolling an even number on a single fair dice..
Answer: P(even) = 2,4, = 3/6 = 1/2 = 0.5
◍ Why is use of logic seen as a problem in hypothesis testing?.
Answer: Hypothesis testing is often used as the only means to determine
significance. The results of hypothesis testing are frequently misinterpreted
and misunderstood
◍ Why is it important that researchers practice ethical sampling techniques
and data collection?.
Answer: To conduct data collection, analysis, and interpretation ethically is
of the utmost importance because it is the responsibility of researchers to
ensure that all information that they present to other researchers and to the
public is accurate. Failing to implement measures to minimize bias and error
can cause misleading results and false information to propagate.
◍ Type of error that occurs when a researcher rejects the null hypothesis when
it is actually true.
Answer: type 1 error
◍ T/F: If a sample is not representative of the population, then it is said to be
biased..
Answer: true
◍ Define sampling error..
Answer: any deviation between a statistic and a parameter. Results from
random sampling.
◍ What is a representative sample?.
Answer: sample composed of members that generally poses the same
characteristics as those of the population. Ideally same % breakdown as the
population as well.
◍ What is a proportional stratified sample?.
Answer: stratified sampling that produces a sample that includes similar
