BIO 172 ACTUAL TEST PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉Cell. Answer: lowest level in hierarchy of biological organization
stores & transmits information
◉Theory of Evolution. Answer: All species are related by decent
from a common ancestor
◉Natural Selection. Answer: Individuals with heritable traits must
survive and reproduce better than individuals with other traits
◉Tree of Life. Answer: A diagram depicting the genealogical
relationships of all living organisms on Earth, with a single ancestral
species at the base.
◉Archea. Answer: Domain of prokaryotic organisms that are
biochemically and genetically distinct from bacteria.
◉Eukaryotes. Answer: Cells that contain nuclei
,◉Prokaryotes. Answer: Cells that do not contain nuclei
◉Extremophiles. Answer: A prokaryote that lives in an extreme
environment.
◉Thermophile. Answer: A group of Archae that thrive in very hot
places.
◉Acidophiles. Answer: Acid Lover Archaea
◉Halophile. Answer: "salt-loving" archaea that live in environments
that have very high salt concentrations
◉Cell Theory. Answer: 1) Cells are structural units of life
2) Cells are the functional unit of life
3) All cells are fundamentally similar. Specific cell functions vary
4) All cells come from pre-existing cells
◉Fact. Answer: Has been repeatedly confirmed
◉Hypothesis. Answer: Testable statement
,◉Law. Answer: Descriptive Generalization
◉Theory. Answer: explanation that is well-substantiated and can
incorporate facts, laws, inferences, and tested hypotheses
◉Scientific Method. Answer: A series of steps followed to solve
problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing
the hypothesis, and stating conclusions.
◉Protons. Answer: Have a positive charge
Atomic number
Found in nucleus
Contributes to atomic mass
◉Neutrons. Answer: Has a neutral charge
Found in nucleus
Contributes to atomic mass
◉Electron. Answer: Negative charge
Found in clouds/orbitals
◉Mass number. Answer: the sum of the number of neutrons and
protons in an atomic nucleus
, ◉Valence. Answer: The electrons in the outermost shell (main
energy level) of an atom; these are the electrons involved in forming
bonds.
◉Covalent bond. Answer: A chemical bond that involves sharing a
pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
◉Nonpolar covalent bond. Answer: A type of covalent bond in which
electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar
electronegativity.
◉Polar covalent bond. Answer: A covalent bond between atoms that
differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to
the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the
other atom slightly positive.
◉Hydrogen Bond. Answer: A type of weak chemical bond formed
when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in
one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar
covalent bond in another molecule.
◉Ionic Bond. Answer: A chemical bond resulting from the attraction
between oppositely charged ions.
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉Cell. Answer: lowest level in hierarchy of biological organization
stores & transmits information
◉Theory of Evolution. Answer: All species are related by decent
from a common ancestor
◉Natural Selection. Answer: Individuals with heritable traits must
survive and reproduce better than individuals with other traits
◉Tree of Life. Answer: A diagram depicting the genealogical
relationships of all living organisms on Earth, with a single ancestral
species at the base.
◉Archea. Answer: Domain of prokaryotic organisms that are
biochemically and genetically distinct from bacteria.
◉Eukaryotes. Answer: Cells that contain nuclei
,◉Prokaryotes. Answer: Cells that do not contain nuclei
◉Extremophiles. Answer: A prokaryote that lives in an extreme
environment.
◉Thermophile. Answer: A group of Archae that thrive in very hot
places.
◉Acidophiles. Answer: Acid Lover Archaea
◉Halophile. Answer: "salt-loving" archaea that live in environments
that have very high salt concentrations
◉Cell Theory. Answer: 1) Cells are structural units of life
2) Cells are the functional unit of life
3) All cells are fundamentally similar. Specific cell functions vary
4) All cells come from pre-existing cells
◉Fact. Answer: Has been repeatedly confirmed
◉Hypothesis. Answer: Testable statement
,◉Law. Answer: Descriptive Generalization
◉Theory. Answer: explanation that is well-substantiated and can
incorporate facts, laws, inferences, and tested hypotheses
◉Scientific Method. Answer: A series of steps followed to solve
problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing
the hypothesis, and stating conclusions.
◉Protons. Answer: Have a positive charge
Atomic number
Found in nucleus
Contributes to atomic mass
◉Neutrons. Answer: Has a neutral charge
Found in nucleus
Contributes to atomic mass
◉Electron. Answer: Negative charge
Found in clouds/orbitals
◉Mass number. Answer: the sum of the number of neutrons and
protons in an atomic nucleus
, ◉Valence. Answer: The electrons in the outermost shell (main
energy level) of an atom; these are the electrons involved in forming
bonds.
◉Covalent bond. Answer: A chemical bond that involves sharing a
pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
◉Nonpolar covalent bond. Answer: A type of covalent bond in which
electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar
electronegativity.
◉Polar covalent bond. Answer: A covalent bond between atoms that
differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to
the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the
other atom slightly positive.
◉Hydrogen Bond. Answer: A type of weak chemical bond formed
when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in
one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar
covalent bond in another molecule.
◉Ionic Bond. Answer: A chemical bond resulting from the attraction
between oppositely charged ions.
