BIO 172 CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
◉secondary structure. Answer: interactions between atoms in the
backbone
H bonds between the carboxyl group of 1 amino acid & the amino
group of another form this structure
◉alpha helices. Answer: coiled secondary structure
◉beta pleated sheets. Answer: folded secondary structure
◉Tertiary structure. Answer: overall 3D shape of polypeptide
held together by interactions between R groups
◉Determinants of protein structure. Answer: cell environment
temperature
pH
salts
,◉Quaternary Structure. Answer: the shape resulting from the
association of two or more polypeptide subunits.
◉denaturization. Answer: loss of protein conformation
promoted by heat, pH change, chemicals
◉chaperones. Answer: Assist in proper folding and transport of
polypeptides
◉renaturization. Answer: The process of a protein returning to its
original configuration and function.
◉potential energy. Answer: stored energy
◉kinetic energy. Answer: energy of motion
◉High free energy. Answer: less stable
more concentrated
more ordered
greater work capacity
less favorable
, ◉Low free energy. Answer: more stable
less concentrated
less ordered
less work capacity
more favorable
◉diffusion. Answer: Movement of molecules from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration. From area of high
free energy to low free energy
◉Energy releasing reactions. Answer: Exergonic
Exothermic
Spontaneous
◉Energy consuming reactions. Answer: Endergonic
Endothermic
Not spontaneous
◉Gibbs free energy. Answer: G=H-TS
H= total amount of energy
T=Temperature
S= change in entrophy
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
◉secondary structure. Answer: interactions between atoms in the
backbone
H bonds between the carboxyl group of 1 amino acid & the amino
group of another form this structure
◉alpha helices. Answer: coiled secondary structure
◉beta pleated sheets. Answer: folded secondary structure
◉Tertiary structure. Answer: overall 3D shape of polypeptide
held together by interactions between R groups
◉Determinants of protein structure. Answer: cell environment
temperature
pH
salts
,◉Quaternary Structure. Answer: the shape resulting from the
association of two or more polypeptide subunits.
◉denaturization. Answer: loss of protein conformation
promoted by heat, pH change, chemicals
◉chaperones. Answer: Assist in proper folding and transport of
polypeptides
◉renaturization. Answer: The process of a protein returning to its
original configuration and function.
◉potential energy. Answer: stored energy
◉kinetic energy. Answer: energy of motion
◉High free energy. Answer: less stable
more concentrated
more ordered
greater work capacity
less favorable
, ◉Low free energy. Answer: more stable
less concentrated
less ordered
less work capacity
more favorable
◉diffusion. Answer: Movement of molecules from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration. From area of high
free energy to low free energy
◉Energy releasing reactions. Answer: Exergonic
Exothermic
Spontaneous
◉Energy consuming reactions. Answer: Endergonic
Endothermic
Not spontaneous
◉Gibbs free energy. Answer: G=H-TS
H= total amount of energy
T=Temperature
S= change in entrophy
