EPIDEMIOLOGY: AN ECOLOGICAL AND
EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE PRACTICE
EXAM 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED SOLUTIONS
●● What does demography study? Answer: The characteristics or
attributes of human populations, including size, structure, and
distribution.
●● What are the four main factors affecting population change? Answer:
Fertility, mortality, migration, and aging.
●● What is biotic potential? Answer: The maximum reproductive
capacity of a population under optimum environmental conditions.
●● Define vital statistics. Answer: Data that records significant events
and dates in human life, including births, deaths, and marriages.
●● What is a census? Answer: The official counting of data gathered
from the entire population of a certain local administrative unit.
●● What is the crude death rate? Answer: The annual number of deaths
per 1000 people.
, ●● How is the infant mortality rate calculated? Answer: The annual
number of deaths of children less than 1 year old per 100,000 live births.
●● What does the case fatality rate measure? Answer: The percentage of
cases that result in death, indicating the severity of a disease.
●● What is the crude birth rate? Answer: The annual number of live
births per 1000 people.
●● Define general fertility rate. Answer: The annual number of live
births per 1000 women of childbearing age (15-49 years old).
●● What is the age-specific fertility rate? Answer: The number of live
births to women in a specific age group for a specified geographic area,
divided by the total population of women in that age group.
●● What is the total fertility rate? Answer: The number of live births per
woman completing her reproductive life.
●● What historical event is associated with John Snow in 1854?
Answer: The cholera epidemic in London's Soho district, where he
identified a waterborne source of the disease.
EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE PRACTICE
EXAM 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED SOLUTIONS
●● What does demography study? Answer: The characteristics or
attributes of human populations, including size, structure, and
distribution.
●● What are the four main factors affecting population change? Answer:
Fertility, mortality, migration, and aging.
●● What is biotic potential? Answer: The maximum reproductive
capacity of a population under optimum environmental conditions.
●● Define vital statistics. Answer: Data that records significant events
and dates in human life, including births, deaths, and marriages.
●● What is a census? Answer: The official counting of data gathered
from the entire population of a certain local administrative unit.
●● What is the crude death rate? Answer: The annual number of deaths
per 1000 people.
, ●● How is the infant mortality rate calculated? Answer: The annual
number of deaths of children less than 1 year old per 100,000 live births.
●● What does the case fatality rate measure? Answer: The percentage of
cases that result in death, indicating the severity of a disease.
●● What is the crude birth rate? Answer: The annual number of live
births per 1000 people.
●● Define general fertility rate. Answer: The annual number of live
births per 1000 women of childbearing age (15-49 years old).
●● What is the age-specific fertility rate? Answer: The number of live
births to women in a specific age group for a specified geographic area,
divided by the total population of women in that age group.
●● What is the total fertility rate? Answer: The number of live births per
woman completing her reproductive life.
●● What historical event is associated with John Snow in 1854?
Answer: The cholera epidemic in London's Soho district, where he
identified a waterborne source of the disease.
