NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026

NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2026
Asthma k,- k,ANSWER k,Chronic k,disease k,due k,to k,bronchoconstriction k,and k,an k,excessive
k,inflammatory k,response k,in k,the k,bronchioles




What k,are k,5 k,s/s k,of k,asthma k,- k,ANSWER k,coughing
k, wheezing
shortness k,of k,breath
k, rapid k,breathing
k, chest k,tightness


Pathophysiology k,of k,asthma k,(5) k,- k,ANSWER k,-airway k,inflammation, k,bronchial k,hyper-
k,reactivity k,and k,smooth k,muscle k,spasm



-excess k,mucus k,production k,and k,accumulation
-hypertrophy k,of k,bronchial k,smooth k,muscle
-airflow k,obstruction
-decreased k,alveolar k,ventilation


Bronchioles k,- k,ANSWER k,smaller k,passageways k,that k,originate k,from k,the k,bronchi k,that
k,become k,the k,alveoli




3 k,layers k,of k,the k,bronchioles k,- k,ANSWER k,innermost
layer k,middle k,layer k,- k,lamina k,propria
k,



outermost k,layer


lamina k,propria k,- k,ANSWER k,the k,middle k,layer k,of k,the k,bronchioles

,structure k,of k,the k,lamina k,propria k,- k,ANSWER k,embedded k,with k,connective k,tissue k,cells
k,and k,immune k,cells




purpose k,of k,the k,lamina k,propria k,- k,ANSWER k,white k,blood k,cells k,are k,present k,to k,help
k,protect k,the k,airways




How k,does k,the k,lamina k,propria k,effect k,the k,lungs k,in k,regards k,to k,asthma k,- k,ANSWER
k,the k,WBCs k,protective k,feature k,goes k,into k,overdrive k,causing k,an k,inflammatory k,response

k,that k,damages k,host k,tissue




What k,does k,the k,innermost k,layer k,of k,the k,bronchioles k,contain k,- k,ANSWER k,columnar
k,epithelial k,ells k,and k,mucus k,producing k,goblet k,cells




What k,does k,the k,outermost k,layer k,of k,the k,bronchioles k,contain k,- k,ANSWER k,smooth
k,muscle k,cells




what k,does k,the k,outermost k,layer k,of k,the k,bronchioles k,do k,- k,ANSWER k,control k,the k,airways
k,ability k,to k,constrict k,and k,dilate




alveolar k,hyperinflation k,- k,ANSWER k,When k,air k,is k,unable k,to k,move k,out k,of k,the k,alveolar
k,like k,it k,should k,due k,to k,bronchial k,walls k,collapsing k,around k,possible k,mucus k,plug k,thus

k,trapping k,air k,inside




how k,does k,hyperinflation k,occur? k,- k,ANSWER k,the k,ongoing k,inflammatory k,process k,of
k,asthma k,produces k,mucus k,and k,pus k,plug k,that k,the k,bronchial k,walls k,collapse k,around




Effect k,of k,hyperinflation k,of k,the k,alveolar k,- k,ANSWER k,-expanded k,thorax k,and k,hypercapnia
k,(retention k,of k,CO2)



- respiratory k,acidosis


What k,are k,two k,anticholinergic k,drugs k,used k,for k,asthma k,- k,ANSWER k,tiotropium k,and
k,ipratropium

, What k,do k,anticholinergics k,do k,in k,the k,lungs? k,- k,ANSWER k,These k,drugs k,block k,the k,effects
k,of k,the k,parasympathetic k,nervous k,system



- increasing k,bronchodilation


MOA k,of k,anticholinergic k,drugs k,for k,asthma k,- k,ANSWER k,the k,parasympathetic
k,system k,is k,stimulated k,by k,the k,vagal k,nerve k,to k,release k,acetylcholine k,which k,binds k,to

k,the k,cholinergic k,receptors k,of k,the k,respiratory k,tract k,to k,cause k,bronchial k,constriction

k,= k,decreased k,airflow




- blocking k,the k,cholinergic k,receptors k,prevents k,acetylcholine k,binding k,preventing
k,the k,bronchial k,constriction




bronchitis k,- k,ANSWER k,inflammation k,of k,the k,bronchial k,tubes


3 k,characteristics k,of k,bronchitis k,- k,ANSWER k,bronchial
inflammation k,hypersecretion k,of k,mucus
k,



chronic k,productive k,cough k,for k,at k,least k,3 k,consecutive k,months k,for k,at k,least k,2 k,successive
k,years




Perfusion k,- k,ANSWER k,The k,supply k,of k,oxygen k,to k,and k,removal k,of k,wastes k,from k,the k,cells
k,and k,tissues k,of k,the k,body k,as k,a k,result k,of k,the k,flow k,of k,blood k,through k,the k,capillaries.




results k,of k,chronic k,bronchitis/ k,low k,perfusion k,- k,ANSWER k,cyanosis
k, right k,to k,left k,shunting
chronic k,hypoxemia


Why k,is k,there k,cyanosis k,with k,chronic k,bronchitis k,- k,ANSWER k,there k,is k,hypoxia k,due k,to
k,unfavorable k,conditions k,for k,gas k,exchange




Right k,to k,left k,shunting k,- k,ANSWER k,when k,blood k,passes k,from k,the k,right k,ventricle k,through
k,the k,lungs k,and k,to k,the k,left k,ventricle k,without k,perfusion