PROSTHETIC CPM UPDATED 2026 EXAM SCRIPT
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔What are the disadvantages to Supracondylar suspension? - ✔✔Must be able to
tolerate pressure, pistoning, rubbing on condyles
✔✔What are the disadvantages to cuff strap suspension - ✔✔Pistioning, impaired
circulation
✔✔What are the advantages to joint and corset suspension - ✔✔Partially offload
residuum and knee, maximum M/L and AP stability
✔✔What are the disadvantages to a joint and corset? - ✔✔Heavy bulky, allows for
pistioning
✔✔What are the advantages to a SACH foot? - ✔✔Cheap, durable, soft heel acts as
dorsiflexors for stability to entrance into gait.
✔✔What are the disadvantages to a SACH foot - ✔✔Stiff keel, no energy return, no
ground compliance
✔✔What are the advantages to a Single Axis foot - ✔✔Foot flat that will quickly move
GRF anterior to knee for stability and durability
✔✔What are the disadvantages to a single axis foot? - ✔✔Rigid keel, no energy return,
heavy
✔✔What are the advantages to a multiaxial foot - ✔✔Accommodates uneven terrain,
decreases stress on skin and proximal joint
✔✔What are the disadvantages to a multiaxial foot - ✔✔Expensive, heavier
✔✔What are the advantages to a flexible keel foot - ✔✔Smooth rollover to mimic natural
gait, reduces socket forces on limb
✔✔What the disadvantages to a flexible keel foot - ✔✔No energy return, limited push
off on foot
✔✔What are the advantages to a dynamic response foot - ✔✔Energy storage, reduces
impact on proximal joints, decreases energy consumption while walking
✔✔What are the disadvantages to a a dynamic response foot - ✔✔Expensive, weighs
more, may require a higher build height
, ✔✔Define a K0 patient? - ✔✔No ability/potential to ambulate. Not indicated for a
prosthesis for ambualating or transferring
✔✔Define a K1 patient and the available componentry - ✔✔Ability/potential to ambulate
over event terrain at a fixed cadence, household ambulator
Feet= Single axis, SACH
Knee= Single axis, constant friction, locked
✔✔Define a K2 patient and the available componentry - ✔✔Ability/potential to ambulate
over uneven terrain at a fixed cadence
Feet: Multiaxial, flexible keel, single axis with multi-axial
Knee= Single axis, weight activated stance control
✔✔Define a K3 patient and available componentry - ✔✔Ability/potential to ambulate
over mixed terrian at a varying cadence, unlimited community ambulator
Foot: Dynamic Response with multi-axial components
Knee- pneumatic, hydraulic, microprocessor
✔✔What is the issue and solution to a medial leaning pylon - ✔✔*Socket is too
adducted foot is to Outset
Solution- abduct the socket, inset foot
✔✔What is the issue solution to a lateral leaning pylon - ✔✔Socket is too abducted or
foot is to inset
Solution= outset foot adduct socket
✔✔What is the issue/solution to excessive anterior leaning pylon - ✔✔Socket is too
flexed, foot is too dorsiflexed, foot is too far posterior
Solution- move foot further anterior, extend socket
✔✔What is the issue/solution to posterior leaning pylon - ✔✔Foot to anterior, socket too
extended
Solution - move foot posterior, flex socket
✔✔What is the bench alignment for a TT patient - ✔✔Sagittal= 5 degrees of socket
flexion, Socket Bisection 37mm anterior to foot bolt/ posterior third of foot
Coronal= match sound side adduction, 12mm inset
Transverse= 5-7 degrees of toe out, in line with 2nd ray
✔✔What are the measurements necessary for a Transfemoral amputees casting -
✔✔IT- to distal end
IT- floor
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔What are the disadvantages to Supracondylar suspension? - ✔✔Must be able to
tolerate pressure, pistoning, rubbing on condyles
✔✔What are the disadvantages to cuff strap suspension - ✔✔Pistioning, impaired
circulation
✔✔What are the advantages to joint and corset suspension - ✔✔Partially offload
residuum and knee, maximum M/L and AP stability
✔✔What are the disadvantages to a joint and corset? - ✔✔Heavy bulky, allows for
pistioning
✔✔What are the advantages to a SACH foot? - ✔✔Cheap, durable, soft heel acts as
dorsiflexors for stability to entrance into gait.
✔✔What are the disadvantages to a SACH foot - ✔✔Stiff keel, no energy return, no
ground compliance
✔✔What are the advantages to a Single Axis foot - ✔✔Foot flat that will quickly move
GRF anterior to knee for stability and durability
✔✔What are the disadvantages to a single axis foot? - ✔✔Rigid keel, no energy return,
heavy
✔✔What are the advantages to a multiaxial foot - ✔✔Accommodates uneven terrain,
decreases stress on skin and proximal joint
✔✔What are the disadvantages to a multiaxial foot - ✔✔Expensive, heavier
✔✔What are the advantages to a flexible keel foot - ✔✔Smooth rollover to mimic natural
gait, reduces socket forces on limb
✔✔What the disadvantages to a flexible keel foot - ✔✔No energy return, limited push
off on foot
✔✔What are the advantages to a dynamic response foot - ✔✔Energy storage, reduces
impact on proximal joints, decreases energy consumption while walking
✔✔What are the disadvantages to a a dynamic response foot - ✔✔Expensive, weighs
more, may require a higher build height
, ✔✔Define a K0 patient? - ✔✔No ability/potential to ambulate. Not indicated for a
prosthesis for ambualating or transferring
✔✔Define a K1 patient and the available componentry - ✔✔Ability/potential to ambulate
over event terrain at a fixed cadence, household ambulator
Feet= Single axis, SACH
Knee= Single axis, constant friction, locked
✔✔Define a K2 patient and the available componentry - ✔✔Ability/potential to ambulate
over uneven terrain at a fixed cadence
Feet: Multiaxial, flexible keel, single axis with multi-axial
Knee= Single axis, weight activated stance control
✔✔Define a K3 patient and available componentry - ✔✔Ability/potential to ambulate
over mixed terrian at a varying cadence, unlimited community ambulator
Foot: Dynamic Response with multi-axial components
Knee- pneumatic, hydraulic, microprocessor
✔✔What is the issue and solution to a medial leaning pylon - ✔✔*Socket is too
adducted foot is to Outset
Solution- abduct the socket, inset foot
✔✔What is the issue solution to a lateral leaning pylon - ✔✔Socket is too abducted or
foot is to inset
Solution= outset foot adduct socket
✔✔What is the issue/solution to excessive anterior leaning pylon - ✔✔Socket is too
flexed, foot is too dorsiflexed, foot is too far posterior
Solution- move foot further anterior, extend socket
✔✔What is the issue/solution to posterior leaning pylon - ✔✔Foot to anterior, socket too
extended
Solution - move foot posterior, flex socket
✔✔What is the bench alignment for a TT patient - ✔✔Sagittal= 5 degrees of socket
flexion, Socket Bisection 37mm anterior to foot bolt/ posterior third of foot
Coronal= match sound side adduction, 12mm inset
Transverse= 5-7 degrees of toe out, in line with 2nd ray
✔✔What are the measurements necessary for a Transfemoral amputees casting -
✔✔IT- to distal end
IT- floor
