BIOL 320 STUDY GUIDE 2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔What is the acronym to remember the WBCs in decreasing [ ]'s? - ✔✔Never Let
Monkeys Eat Bananas
✔✔Which age group tends to be affected by acute leukemia? Chronic? - ✔✔Acute =
young children
Chronic = Elderly
✔✔What are often the causes of death for those with leukemia? - ✔✔Internal
hemorrhaging or secondary infection
✔✔Define: Leukocytosis - ✔✔Having too many WBCs
✔✔What are the formal names for the kissing disease? - ✔✔Mononucleosis and
Epstein Barr Virus
✔✔What happens to WBCs in an individual with mononucleosis? - ✔✔Improperly
formed WBCs
✔✔What are the four sets of reactions that occur to stop bleeding? - ✔✔1) Vascular
spasm
2) Platelet plug formation
4) Blood clotting
3) Scab formation
✔✔What hormone is released by damaged tissue? - ✔✔Thromboplastin
✔✔Run through the extrinsic pathway involving thromboplastin - ✔✔1) Thromboplastin
+factor VII + Ca+ forms complex
2) Complex activated factor X
3) Activated factor X activates prothrombinase
4) Prothrombinase becomes prothrombin
5) Prothrombin + prothrobinase = thrombin
6) Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin (clot formation)
✔✔Run through the extrinsic pathway involving exposed collagen and factor XII - ✔✔1)
Collagen + Factor XII = activated factor XII
2) Activated factor XII + Ca = Activated factor IX
3) Activated factor IX + factor VIII = Factor X
4) Activated factor X activates prothrombinase
5) Prothrombinase yields prothrombin
6) Prothrombin + prothrobinase = thrombin
7) Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin (clot formation)
, ✔✔What two mechanisms makes sure clotting doesn't get out of hand? - ✔✔- Removal
and dialation of clotting factors
- Inhibition of activated clotting factors
✔✔What keeps platelets from sticking under normal circumstances? - ✔✔- Smooth
vessel walls
- Nitric oxide and prostacyclin
- Vitamin E
✔✔What is the disease characterized by widespread clotting of blood vessels? -
✔✔Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
✔✔A loss of >10% of blood triggers what reactions? - ✔✔- Vasoconstriction
- Increased HR
- Increased contraction force of ventricles
✔✔The body can handle up to _______% total blood loss. - ✔✔50
✔✔Differentiate between a thrombus and an embolus - ✔✔Thrombs = stationary clot
Embolus = mobile clot
✔✔Antiprostaglandins are medications used to aid in ____________. - ✔✔Anti-clotting
✔✔When is heparin used? - ✔✔Heart surgery
✔✔What's so cool about warfarin? - ✔✔It was originally intended as rat poison but is
now used in low doses for folks with heart problems
✔✔Describe: Thrombocytopenia - ✔✔Low platelet counts
✔✔What causes thrombocytopenia? - ✔✔Supression or destruction of bone marrow
✔✔Hemophiliacs are deficient in factors _____, _______, and/or _______ OR lack the
________ activator. - ✔✔VIII, IX, or XI; prothrombin
✔✔What happens to platelets in folks with Von Willebrand's disease? - ✔✔Platelets
don't stick to collagen so well
✔✔Which blood type is the universal donor? - ✔✔O
✔✔Which blood type is the universal recipient? - ✔✔AB
✔✔Which type of muscle tissue has the most mitochondria? - ✔✔Cardiac
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔What is the acronym to remember the WBCs in decreasing [ ]'s? - ✔✔Never Let
Monkeys Eat Bananas
✔✔Which age group tends to be affected by acute leukemia? Chronic? - ✔✔Acute =
young children
Chronic = Elderly
✔✔What are often the causes of death for those with leukemia? - ✔✔Internal
hemorrhaging or secondary infection
✔✔Define: Leukocytosis - ✔✔Having too many WBCs
✔✔What are the formal names for the kissing disease? - ✔✔Mononucleosis and
Epstein Barr Virus
✔✔What happens to WBCs in an individual with mononucleosis? - ✔✔Improperly
formed WBCs
✔✔What are the four sets of reactions that occur to stop bleeding? - ✔✔1) Vascular
spasm
2) Platelet plug formation
4) Blood clotting
3) Scab formation
✔✔What hormone is released by damaged tissue? - ✔✔Thromboplastin
✔✔Run through the extrinsic pathway involving thromboplastin - ✔✔1) Thromboplastin
+factor VII + Ca+ forms complex
2) Complex activated factor X
3) Activated factor X activates prothrombinase
4) Prothrombinase becomes prothrombin
5) Prothrombin + prothrobinase = thrombin
6) Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin (clot formation)
✔✔Run through the extrinsic pathway involving exposed collagen and factor XII - ✔✔1)
Collagen + Factor XII = activated factor XII
2) Activated factor XII + Ca = Activated factor IX
3) Activated factor IX + factor VIII = Factor X
4) Activated factor X activates prothrombinase
5) Prothrombinase yields prothrombin
6) Prothrombin + prothrobinase = thrombin
7) Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin (clot formation)
, ✔✔What two mechanisms makes sure clotting doesn't get out of hand? - ✔✔- Removal
and dialation of clotting factors
- Inhibition of activated clotting factors
✔✔What keeps platelets from sticking under normal circumstances? - ✔✔- Smooth
vessel walls
- Nitric oxide and prostacyclin
- Vitamin E
✔✔What is the disease characterized by widespread clotting of blood vessels? -
✔✔Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
✔✔A loss of >10% of blood triggers what reactions? - ✔✔- Vasoconstriction
- Increased HR
- Increased contraction force of ventricles
✔✔The body can handle up to _______% total blood loss. - ✔✔50
✔✔Differentiate between a thrombus and an embolus - ✔✔Thrombs = stationary clot
Embolus = mobile clot
✔✔Antiprostaglandins are medications used to aid in ____________. - ✔✔Anti-clotting
✔✔When is heparin used? - ✔✔Heart surgery
✔✔What's so cool about warfarin? - ✔✔It was originally intended as rat poison but is
now used in low doses for folks with heart problems
✔✔Describe: Thrombocytopenia - ✔✔Low platelet counts
✔✔What causes thrombocytopenia? - ✔✔Supression or destruction of bone marrow
✔✔Hemophiliacs are deficient in factors _____, _______, and/or _______ OR lack the
________ activator. - ✔✔VIII, IX, or XI; prothrombin
✔✔What happens to platelets in folks with Von Willebrand's disease? - ✔✔Platelets
don't stick to collagen so well
✔✔Which blood type is the universal donor? - ✔✔O
✔✔Which blood type is the universal recipient? - ✔✔AB
✔✔Which type of muscle tissue has the most mitochondria? - ✔✔Cardiac
