BOC STUDY GUIDE 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
✔✔Fibroblastic repair phase - ✔✔1. 4-6 weeks
2. Fibroplasias
a. Period of scar formation
3. Scar formation (fibroplasia)
a. Resolution
i. Little tissue damage and normal restoration
b. Restoration
i. If resolution is delayed
c. Regeneration
i. Replacement of scar tissue
4. Granulation: form delicate connective tissue
a. Fibroblasts
b. Collagen
c. Capillaries.
✔✔Maturation phase - ✔✔1. Long term process
2. Take up to a year
✔✔Pain modulation - ✔✔i. Two chemicals mediate the pain
1. Endorphins
2. seretonin
✔✔Wolff's Law - ✔✔i. Bone and soft tissue will respond to the physical demands placed
on them
ii. Causing them to remodel or realign along lines of tensile force
iii. Critical that injured structures be exposed to progressively increased loads
throughout the rehabilitative process
1. In remodeling, aggressive AROM and strengthening exercises should be
incorporated to facilitate tissue remodeling and realignment
✔✔Metaplasia - ✔✔conversion of one kind of tissue to another form
✔✔Dysplasia - ✔✔abnormal development of tissue
✔✔Bone reformation - ✔✔i. Chondroblasts cells
1. Begin producing fibrocartilage
ii. Making a calus:
1. First soft then firm
iii. Osteoblasts
1. Begin to enter and make bone remodels the bone
iv. Osteoclasts
1. Resorb bone fragments and clean up debris.
, ✔✔Staleness - ✔✔1. Worrries, fears and
2. Anxietys
3. Chronic fatigue, apathy, loss of appetite, indigestion, weight loss and inability to sleep
or rest properly
4. Exhibit higer BP and increased pulse rate. Chronic worrying, indigestion, difficulty
concentrating, nauseating
5. Irritable and restless.
6. Catecholamine release:
a. Active epinephrine and NE that affect the nervous and CS system.
7. Solution
a. Take short break from it for 3-5 days performing less work w/ the same intensity.
✔✔Burnout - ✔✔1. Physical emotion and exhaustion
2. Leads to negative self concept, negative job or sport, Loss of concern for the feeling
of others
✔✔Catastrophic Injury - ✔✔1. Intervention must be directed toward psychological
impact of trauma
2. AT must arrange for counseling from a psychologist or perhaps a psychiatrist to make
sure A is receiving best care
✔✔Signs of Shock - ✔✔i. P is low
ii. Systolic pressure is below 90
iii. Pulse is rapid and weak, drowsy and sluggish
iv. Respiration is shallow and rapid
v. Skin is clod and clammy
vi. Management
1. Maintain body temperature
2. Elevate feet and legs
3. Remain immobilized if injury bad.
✔✔Temperature - ✔✔i. 98.6
ii. C = (F-32) / 1.8
iii. F= (1.8 or 9/8 x C) +32
✔✔Fitting Crutches - ✔✔1. 6 inches out and 2 inches in front of shoe
2. Under arm should be 1 inch below the anterior fold of axilla
3. Elbow should be 30 degrees
✔✔Walking w/ crutches - ✔✔1. Tripod method
a. No surface contact w/ the injured leg
2. Four point gait
a. Stands and moves one crutch forward
b. Steps forward w/ the opposite leg w/ crutch
GRADED A+
✔✔Fibroblastic repair phase - ✔✔1. 4-6 weeks
2. Fibroplasias
a. Period of scar formation
3. Scar formation (fibroplasia)
a. Resolution
i. Little tissue damage and normal restoration
b. Restoration
i. If resolution is delayed
c. Regeneration
i. Replacement of scar tissue
4. Granulation: form delicate connective tissue
a. Fibroblasts
b. Collagen
c. Capillaries.
✔✔Maturation phase - ✔✔1. Long term process
2. Take up to a year
✔✔Pain modulation - ✔✔i. Two chemicals mediate the pain
1. Endorphins
2. seretonin
✔✔Wolff's Law - ✔✔i. Bone and soft tissue will respond to the physical demands placed
on them
ii. Causing them to remodel or realign along lines of tensile force
iii. Critical that injured structures be exposed to progressively increased loads
throughout the rehabilitative process
1. In remodeling, aggressive AROM and strengthening exercises should be
incorporated to facilitate tissue remodeling and realignment
✔✔Metaplasia - ✔✔conversion of one kind of tissue to another form
✔✔Dysplasia - ✔✔abnormal development of tissue
✔✔Bone reformation - ✔✔i. Chondroblasts cells
1. Begin producing fibrocartilage
ii. Making a calus:
1. First soft then firm
iii. Osteoblasts
1. Begin to enter and make bone remodels the bone
iv. Osteoclasts
1. Resorb bone fragments and clean up debris.
, ✔✔Staleness - ✔✔1. Worrries, fears and
2. Anxietys
3. Chronic fatigue, apathy, loss of appetite, indigestion, weight loss and inability to sleep
or rest properly
4. Exhibit higer BP and increased pulse rate. Chronic worrying, indigestion, difficulty
concentrating, nauseating
5. Irritable and restless.
6. Catecholamine release:
a. Active epinephrine and NE that affect the nervous and CS system.
7. Solution
a. Take short break from it for 3-5 days performing less work w/ the same intensity.
✔✔Burnout - ✔✔1. Physical emotion and exhaustion
2. Leads to negative self concept, negative job or sport, Loss of concern for the feeling
of others
✔✔Catastrophic Injury - ✔✔1. Intervention must be directed toward psychological
impact of trauma
2. AT must arrange for counseling from a psychologist or perhaps a psychiatrist to make
sure A is receiving best care
✔✔Signs of Shock - ✔✔i. P is low
ii. Systolic pressure is below 90
iii. Pulse is rapid and weak, drowsy and sluggish
iv. Respiration is shallow and rapid
v. Skin is clod and clammy
vi. Management
1. Maintain body temperature
2. Elevate feet and legs
3. Remain immobilized if injury bad.
✔✔Temperature - ✔✔i. 98.6
ii. C = (F-32) / 1.8
iii. F= (1.8 or 9/8 x C) +32
✔✔Fitting Crutches - ✔✔1. 6 inches out and 2 inches in front of shoe
2. Under arm should be 1 inch below the anterior fold of axilla
3. Elbow should be 30 degrees
✔✔Walking w/ crutches - ✔✔1. Tripod method
a. No surface contact w/ the injured leg
2. Four point gait
a. Stands and moves one crutch forward
b. Steps forward w/ the opposite leg w/ crutch
