EPID 309 Exam #2
When calculating a Pearson correlation coefficient (r), you get a large negative value (-
0.89). This means that... - answer the exposure is strongly negatively associated with
the outcome.
For which of the following criteria do epidemiologists need to observe the cause before
the effect? - answer Temporality
The web of causation model specifies a type of causal relationship that is: - answer
multifactorial
When the value of one variable increases and the value of another variable decreases,
the association is: - answer negative
When calculating a Pearson correlation coefficient (r), you get a large positive value
(8.9). This means that: - answeryou did the math wrong
Hill's criteria of causality include which of the following: - answerall of the answers listed
(temporality, dose-response, strength)
A graphic plotting of the distribution of cases by time of onset is a(n): - answerepidemic
curve
An epidemic curve has ___ on the x axis, and ___ on the y-axis - answertime (usually in
days); cases (counts)
When information about the study outcome is collected in the future, this is known as a:
- answerprospective study
A graphic plotting of the distribution of cases by time of onset is a(n): -
answertemporality
A researcher is interested in recording the number of individuals in a particular
geographic region who have a common cold at some point during the month of
February 2001. Which of the following measures of morbidity would be most appropriate
in answering this question? - answerprevalence
When the value of one variable increases and the value of another variable decreases,
the association is: - answernegative
Gradual changes in the frequency of diseases over long periods refer to: -
answersecular trends
, The ecological fallacy - answerwhen you assume the results of population level
associations apply to individuals.
The lowest dose at which a particular response occurs is known as the: -
answerthreshold
Which of Hill's Criteria relates to the correspondence between known associations and
the one that is being evaluated for causality? - answeranalogy
A researcher is interested in knowing how many new cases of the measles developed
at St. Theresa's Elementary School in April 2001. Assuming no children enrolled during
that month, and no children moved during that month (all children were followed for the
entire month), which measure of morbidity would be most appropriate in answering this
question? - answerincidence
In the investigation of an epidemic of a fatal disease such as SARS, the most
appropriate measure to describe the frequency of death from the disease is the: -
answercase-fatality
Case-control studies are best characterized by - answerstarting with a group of cases
When calculating a Pearson correlation coefficient (r), you get a large negative value (-
0.89). This means that: - answerthe exposure is strongly negatively associated with the
outcome
Investigators in Arizona conducted a study to compare measles-mumps-rubella (MMR)
vaccine history among 1,294 children with Autism spectrum disorders and 4,469
children without these disorders. This is an example of which study design? -
answercase-control
Ecological studies are best characterized by - answerThe use of aggregated data
______ have _____ values and may be represented by ___________. -
answerCategorical data, finite, contingency tables
To show trends in data, especially time trends, often we use: - answerline graphs
A study of 178 cases of disease X were identified from a state registry. A total of 220
control subjects were then recruited from random-digit dial procedure. 16 cases had
been exposed, compared to only 8 controls. How likely were cases to report an
exposure compared with controls? - answer2.62 times as likely
A study that examines the incidence of developmental delays among residents of Flint
Michigan based on water source (Hint: in 2014 Flint water switched its source to the
When calculating a Pearson correlation coefficient (r), you get a large negative value (-
0.89). This means that... - answer the exposure is strongly negatively associated with
the outcome.
For which of the following criteria do epidemiologists need to observe the cause before
the effect? - answer Temporality
The web of causation model specifies a type of causal relationship that is: - answer
multifactorial
When the value of one variable increases and the value of another variable decreases,
the association is: - answer negative
When calculating a Pearson correlation coefficient (r), you get a large positive value
(8.9). This means that: - answeryou did the math wrong
Hill's criteria of causality include which of the following: - answerall of the answers listed
(temporality, dose-response, strength)
A graphic plotting of the distribution of cases by time of onset is a(n): - answerepidemic
curve
An epidemic curve has ___ on the x axis, and ___ on the y-axis - answertime (usually in
days); cases (counts)
When information about the study outcome is collected in the future, this is known as a:
- answerprospective study
A graphic plotting of the distribution of cases by time of onset is a(n): -
answertemporality
A researcher is interested in recording the number of individuals in a particular
geographic region who have a common cold at some point during the month of
February 2001. Which of the following measures of morbidity would be most appropriate
in answering this question? - answerprevalence
When the value of one variable increases and the value of another variable decreases,
the association is: - answernegative
Gradual changes in the frequency of diseases over long periods refer to: -
answersecular trends
, The ecological fallacy - answerwhen you assume the results of population level
associations apply to individuals.
The lowest dose at which a particular response occurs is known as the: -
answerthreshold
Which of Hill's Criteria relates to the correspondence between known associations and
the one that is being evaluated for causality? - answeranalogy
A researcher is interested in knowing how many new cases of the measles developed
at St. Theresa's Elementary School in April 2001. Assuming no children enrolled during
that month, and no children moved during that month (all children were followed for the
entire month), which measure of morbidity would be most appropriate in answering this
question? - answerincidence
In the investigation of an epidemic of a fatal disease such as SARS, the most
appropriate measure to describe the frequency of death from the disease is the: -
answercase-fatality
Case-control studies are best characterized by - answerstarting with a group of cases
When calculating a Pearson correlation coefficient (r), you get a large negative value (-
0.89). This means that: - answerthe exposure is strongly negatively associated with the
outcome
Investigators in Arizona conducted a study to compare measles-mumps-rubella (MMR)
vaccine history among 1,294 children with Autism spectrum disorders and 4,469
children without these disorders. This is an example of which study design? -
answercase-control
Ecological studies are best characterized by - answerThe use of aggregated data
______ have _____ values and may be represented by ___________. -
answerCategorical data, finite, contingency tables
To show trends in data, especially time trends, often we use: - answerline graphs
A study of 178 cases of disease X were identified from a state registry. A total of 220
control subjects were then recruited from random-digit dial procedure. 16 cases had
been exposed, compared to only 8 controls. How likely were cases to report an
exposure compared with controls? - answer2.62 times as likely
A study that examines the incidence of developmental delays among residents of Flint
Michigan based on water source (Hint: in 2014 Flint water switched its source to the
