EPID 309 Exam 1 Review
About how long was it between the discovery of penicillin and the widespread use of it?
- answer15 years
Studying the history of epidemiology is important because... - answerit highlights the
recent but profound impact of germ theory while reminding us of what we have to learn
about disease etiology
Primary prevention involves the prevention of disease before it occurs? - answerTrue
Contact with a disease-causing factor or the amount of the factor that affects a group of
individuals is referred to as exposure? - answerFalse
Grandpa Aedes was born in 1908 and died in 1995. Which of these events occurred
during his lifetime? - answerThe development of antibiotics, smallpox eradication, and
the Spanish flu pandemic
Dr. Melanoma was born in 1971 and is still alive. Which of these events occurred during
her lifetime? - answerThe discovery of HIV and smallpox eradication
Stanley Studiesalot was born in 1995 and is still alive. Which of these occurred during
his lifetime? - answerHPV vaccination became available and the West Nile virus was
introduced into the USA
Robert Koch (1843-1910) is famous for his work in support of the germ theory by
isolating the causative agents for both anthrax and tuberculosis. Which of the following
is NOT one of Koch's postulates? - answerThe association between the organisms and
the disease must be consistently observed across populations, places, circumstances,
and times
A vaccine that provided immunity to ________ was created by Edward Jenner in the
________ - answersmallpox and 1700s
The overriding question that epidemiologists ask is whether a particular exposure is
casually associated with a given outcome? - answerTrue
Tertiary prevention is directed toward the later stages of pathogenesis and involves
programs for restoring the patient's optimal functioning? - answerTrue
Which of the following disease outbreaks occurred between 1346 and 1352 and claimed
up to ⅓ of the population of Europe? - answerThe black death
, The English anesthesiologist who linked cholera outbreaks to contaminated water and
innovated several of the key epidemiological methods that remain valid and in use today
was? - answerJohn Snow
The discovery of which kind of antibiotic helped make historical medical advancements
after discovery? - answerPenicillin
Continuous data can be converted into categorical data and vice versa? - answerFalse
If a vaccination is created for influenza b that enables individuals not to become ill but
does not treat those already affected, the incidence will decrease while prevalence will
remain the same among the population? - answerTrue
What are the different data types, and what are some examples of each? -
answerPrimary data is collected for the purpose of the study. (example: personally
collecting data on animals for the next vaccination)
Secondary data is originally collected by an agency for another purpose. (example:
hospital and clinical records, vital statistics, physician records, surveys of the general
public, and case registries)
Data may be collected as... individual data → identified at the individual level or
aggregate data → identifiable only for groups of people
What is surveillance, and what are the different ways surveillance is conducted? -
answerSystematic and continuous gathering of information about the occurrence of
diseases and other health phenomena
Types of surveillance: passive surveillance, active surveillance, sentinel surveillance,
rumor surveillance, syndromic surveillance, etc
Describe the 3 types of prevention? - answerPrimary: before disease occurs ex:
Vaccinations
Secondary: limit the progression of the disease (early detection) ex: mammograms
(breast cancer screenings)
Tertiary: restore function, improve your quality of life and reduce the symptoms of a
disease you already have ex: physical therapy after a stroke
How do epidemiologists count disease? (How do we measure disease burden?) -
answerEpidemiologists count disease burden by calculating the prevalence rate
How do epidemiologists measure associations between exposures and outcomes? -
answerEpidemiologists use analytic epidemiology
About how long was it between the discovery of penicillin and the widespread use of it?
- answer15 years
Studying the history of epidemiology is important because... - answerit highlights the
recent but profound impact of germ theory while reminding us of what we have to learn
about disease etiology
Primary prevention involves the prevention of disease before it occurs? - answerTrue
Contact with a disease-causing factor or the amount of the factor that affects a group of
individuals is referred to as exposure? - answerFalse
Grandpa Aedes was born in 1908 and died in 1995. Which of these events occurred
during his lifetime? - answerThe development of antibiotics, smallpox eradication, and
the Spanish flu pandemic
Dr. Melanoma was born in 1971 and is still alive. Which of these events occurred during
her lifetime? - answerThe discovery of HIV and smallpox eradication
Stanley Studiesalot was born in 1995 and is still alive. Which of these occurred during
his lifetime? - answerHPV vaccination became available and the West Nile virus was
introduced into the USA
Robert Koch (1843-1910) is famous for his work in support of the germ theory by
isolating the causative agents for both anthrax and tuberculosis. Which of the following
is NOT one of Koch's postulates? - answerThe association between the organisms and
the disease must be consistently observed across populations, places, circumstances,
and times
A vaccine that provided immunity to ________ was created by Edward Jenner in the
________ - answersmallpox and 1700s
The overriding question that epidemiologists ask is whether a particular exposure is
casually associated with a given outcome? - answerTrue
Tertiary prevention is directed toward the later stages of pathogenesis and involves
programs for restoring the patient's optimal functioning? - answerTrue
Which of the following disease outbreaks occurred between 1346 and 1352 and claimed
up to ⅓ of the population of Europe? - answerThe black death
, The English anesthesiologist who linked cholera outbreaks to contaminated water and
innovated several of the key epidemiological methods that remain valid and in use today
was? - answerJohn Snow
The discovery of which kind of antibiotic helped make historical medical advancements
after discovery? - answerPenicillin
Continuous data can be converted into categorical data and vice versa? - answerFalse
If a vaccination is created for influenza b that enables individuals not to become ill but
does not treat those already affected, the incidence will decrease while prevalence will
remain the same among the population? - answerTrue
What are the different data types, and what are some examples of each? -
answerPrimary data is collected for the purpose of the study. (example: personally
collecting data on animals for the next vaccination)
Secondary data is originally collected by an agency for another purpose. (example:
hospital and clinical records, vital statistics, physician records, surveys of the general
public, and case registries)
Data may be collected as... individual data → identified at the individual level or
aggregate data → identifiable only for groups of people
What is surveillance, and what are the different ways surveillance is conducted? -
answerSystematic and continuous gathering of information about the occurrence of
diseases and other health phenomena
Types of surveillance: passive surveillance, active surveillance, sentinel surveillance,
rumor surveillance, syndromic surveillance, etc
Describe the 3 types of prevention? - answerPrimary: before disease occurs ex:
Vaccinations
Secondary: limit the progression of the disease (early detection) ex: mammograms
(breast cancer screenings)
Tertiary: restore function, improve your quality of life and reduce the symptoms of a
disease you already have ex: physical therapy after a stroke
How do epidemiologists count disease? (How do we measure disease burden?) -
answerEpidemiologists count disease burden by calculating the prevalence rate
How do epidemiologists measure associations between exposures and outcomes? -
answerEpidemiologists use analytic epidemiology
