EPID 309 Exam 2 - Quiz Questions
The web of causation model specifies a type of causal relationship that is:
a) Coherent
b) Multifactorial
c) Consistent
d) Specific - answerb) Multifactorial
In epidemiology, the key part of an analytic study is:
a) Use of an appropriate comparison group
b) Statistical analysis using regression
c) Publication in peer-reviewed journal
d) Laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis - answera) Use of an appropriate
comparison group
For which of the following criteria do epidemiologists need to observe the cause before
the effect?
a) Temporality
b) Coherence
c) Consistency
d) Biological gradient - answera) Temporality
A researcher is interested in recording the number of individuals in a particular
geographic region who have a common cold at some point during the month of
February 2001. Which of the following measures of morbidity would be most appropriate
in answering this question?
a) Incidence
b) Prevalence
c) Case fatality rate
d) PMR - answerb) Prevalence
In the investigation of an epidemic of a fatal disease such as SARS, the most
appropriate measure to describe the frequency of death from the disease is the:
a) mortality rate
b) case-fatality rate
c) proportional mortality ratio
d) incidence rate - answerb) case-fatality rate
A graphic plotting of the distribution of cases by time of onset in a(n):
a) Threshold curve
b) Multimodal curve
c) Dose-response curve
d) Epidemic curve - answerd) Epidemic curve
,The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) is used with _____________ variable and is a
measure of ________________.
a) continuous, strength of association
b) categorical, degree of similarity between two variables
c) categorical, strength of association
d) continuous, degree of difference between two variables - answera) continuous,
strength of association
Repetitive, predictable, or regularly occurring increases and decreases in the frequency
of a disease within a year or over a period of several years are known as:
a) Point epidemic
b) Cyclic trends
c) Clustering
d) Secular trends - answerb) Cyclic trends
A researcher is interested in knowing how many new cases of the measles developed
at St. Theresa's Elementary School in April 2001. Assuming no children enrolled during
that month, and no children moved during that month (all children were followed for the
entire month), which measure of morbidity would be most appropriate in answering this
question?
a) incidence
b) CFR
c) proportional mortality ratio
d) prevalence - answera) incidence
Which factor below is NOT considered to be a component of socio-economic status:
a) ethnicity
b) education
c) income
d) occupation - answera) ethnicity
The lowest dose at which a particular occurs is known as the:
a) transition dose
b) mode
c) threshold
d) correlation coefficient - answerc) threshold
When information about the study outcome is collected in the future, this is known as a:
a) cross-sectional study
b) prospective study
c) ecological study
d) retrospective study - answerb) prospective study
If one is concerned with being able to generalize study results to a different population
they are speaking about the study's:
, a) internal validity
b) external validity
c) confounding
d) selection bias - answerb) external validity
Which of Hill's Criteria relates to the correspondence between known associations and
the one that is being evaluated for causality?
a) strength
b) analogy
c) specificity
d) temporality - answerb) analogy
When the value of one variable increases and the value of another variable decreases,
the association is:
a) positive
b) negative
c) continuous
d) None of the other answers listed - answerb) negative
A new treatment for a chronic disease affecting millions of Americans is developed that
prolongs survival with the disease. Which of the following will occur?
a) Both incidence and prevalence will decrease
b) Incidence will increase, but prevalence will remain the same
c) Incidence will remain the same, but prevalence will decrease
d) Incidence will remain the same, but prevalence will increase - answerd) Incidence will
remain the same, but prevalence will increase
The ecological fallacy is:
a) collecting data for research from the population as a whole instead of from individuals
b) interpreting the results of an ecologic study as causal
c) using data from vastly different groups in an ecologic study
d) when you assume the results of population level associations apply to individuals -
answerd) when you assume the results of population level associations apply to
individuals
A classical ethical dilemma in biomedical research is the:
a) London Cholera Outbreak in 1850
b) US Public Health Service Syphilis Study, Tuskegee AL
c) Case definition change of Valley Fever in Arizona in 2009
d) Smallpox eradication in Somalia, 1977 - answerb) US Public Health Service Syphilis
Study, Tuskegee AL
To show trends in data, especially time trends, often we use:
a) line graphs
b) pie charts
c) bar graphs
The web of causation model specifies a type of causal relationship that is:
a) Coherent
b) Multifactorial
c) Consistent
d) Specific - answerb) Multifactorial
In epidemiology, the key part of an analytic study is:
a) Use of an appropriate comparison group
b) Statistical analysis using regression
c) Publication in peer-reviewed journal
d) Laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis - answera) Use of an appropriate
comparison group
For which of the following criteria do epidemiologists need to observe the cause before
the effect?
a) Temporality
b) Coherence
c) Consistency
d) Biological gradient - answera) Temporality
A researcher is interested in recording the number of individuals in a particular
geographic region who have a common cold at some point during the month of
February 2001. Which of the following measures of morbidity would be most appropriate
in answering this question?
a) Incidence
b) Prevalence
c) Case fatality rate
d) PMR - answerb) Prevalence
In the investigation of an epidemic of a fatal disease such as SARS, the most
appropriate measure to describe the frequency of death from the disease is the:
a) mortality rate
b) case-fatality rate
c) proportional mortality ratio
d) incidence rate - answerb) case-fatality rate
A graphic plotting of the distribution of cases by time of onset in a(n):
a) Threshold curve
b) Multimodal curve
c) Dose-response curve
d) Epidemic curve - answerd) Epidemic curve
,The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) is used with _____________ variable and is a
measure of ________________.
a) continuous, strength of association
b) categorical, degree of similarity between two variables
c) categorical, strength of association
d) continuous, degree of difference between two variables - answera) continuous,
strength of association
Repetitive, predictable, or regularly occurring increases and decreases in the frequency
of a disease within a year or over a period of several years are known as:
a) Point epidemic
b) Cyclic trends
c) Clustering
d) Secular trends - answerb) Cyclic trends
A researcher is interested in knowing how many new cases of the measles developed
at St. Theresa's Elementary School in April 2001. Assuming no children enrolled during
that month, and no children moved during that month (all children were followed for the
entire month), which measure of morbidity would be most appropriate in answering this
question?
a) incidence
b) CFR
c) proportional mortality ratio
d) prevalence - answera) incidence
Which factor below is NOT considered to be a component of socio-economic status:
a) ethnicity
b) education
c) income
d) occupation - answera) ethnicity
The lowest dose at which a particular occurs is known as the:
a) transition dose
b) mode
c) threshold
d) correlation coefficient - answerc) threshold
When information about the study outcome is collected in the future, this is known as a:
a) cross-sectional study
b) prospective study
c) ecological study
d) retrospective study - answerb) prospective study
If one is concerned with being able to generalize study results to a different population
they are speaking about the study's:
, a) internal validity
b) external validity
c) confounding
d) selection bias - answerb) external validity
Which of Hill's Criteria relates to the correspondence between known associations and
the one that is being evaluated for causality?
a) strength
b) analogy
c) specificity
d) temporality - answerb) analogy
When the value of one variable increases and the value of another variable decreases,
the association is:
a) positive
b) negative
c) continuous
d) None of the other answers listed - answerb) negative
A new treatment for a chronic disease affecting millions of Americans is developed that
prolongs survival with the disease. Which of the following will occur?
a) Both incidence and prevalence will decrease
b) Incidence will increase, but prevalence will remain the same
c) Incidence will remain the same, but prevalence will decrease
d) Incidence will remain the same, but prevalence will increase - answerd) Incidence will
remain the same, but prevalence will increase
The ecological fallacy is:
a) collecting data for research from the population as a whole instead of from individuals
b) interpreting the results of an ecologic study as causal
c) using data from vastly different groups in an ecologic study
d) when you assume the results of population level associations apply to individuals -
answerd) when you assume the results of population level associations apply to
individuals
A classical ethical dilemma in biomedical research is the:
a) London Cholera Outbreak in 1850
b) US Public Health Service Syphilis Study, Tuskegee AL
c) Case definition change of Valley Fever in Arizona in 2009
d) Smallpox eradication in Somalia, 1977 - answerb) US Public Health Service Syphilis
Study, Tuskegee AL
To show trends in data, especially time trends, often we use:
a) line graphs
b) pie charts
c) bar graphs
