SOCIOLOGY 102 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
What's the difference between race and ethnic group? - Answer- Race is physical
characteristics of a group while ethnic groups are the cultural background or national
origin
What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination? - Answer- Prejudice is a
internal attitude/bias towards a group while discrimination is the external behavior that
results from the bias
Dominant group definition - Answer- a racial or ethnic group that has the greatest power
and resources in a society
Subordinate group definition - Answer- a group whose members, because of physical or
cultural characteristics, are disadvantaged and subjected to unequal treatment and
discrimination by the dominant group
Stereotype definition - Answer- Overgeneralizations about the appearance, behavior, or
other characteristics of members of particular categories
Racism definition - Answer- A set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices that is used to
justify the superior treatment of one racial or ethnic group and the inferior treatment of
another racial or ethnic group
Authoritarian personality definition - Answer- a personality type characterized by
excessive conformity, submissiveness to authority, intolerance, insecurity, a high level
of superstition, and rigid stereotypic thinking
Individual discrimination definition - Answer- behavior consisting of one-on-one acts by
members of the dominant group that harm members of the subordinate group or their
property
Institutional discrimination definition - Answer- the day-to-day practice of organizations
and institutions that have a harmful effect on members of subordinate groups
Symbolic interactionist perspective on race and ethnic relations - Answer- Examine how
microlevel contacts between people may produce greater racial tolerance or increased
levels of hostility
, Functionalist perspective on race and ethnic relations - Answer- Focus on the
macrolevel intergroup processes that occur between members of dominant and
subordinate groups in society
conflict perspective on race and ethnic relations - Answer- power/economic differentials
between dominant and subordinate groups
Assimilation definition - Answer- a process by which members of subordinate racial and
ethnic groups become absorbed into the dominant culture
Ethnic pluralism definition - Answer- the coexistence of a variety of distinct racial and
ethnic groups within one society
Segregation definition - Answer- the spatial and social separation of categories of
people by race, ethnicity, class, gender, and/or religion
De jure - Answer- by law
de facto - Answer- by customs
Internal colonialism definition - Answer- Occurs when members of a racial or ethnic
group are conquered or colonized and forcibly placed under the economic and political
control of the dominant group
Critical race theory definition - Answer- the belief that racism is such an ingrained
feature of U.S. society that it appears to be ordinary and natural to many people
Which ethnic group was the most disadvantaged in income, housing, wealth, and
employment? - Answer- Native Americans/Alaska Natives
What is deviance? - Answer- behavior that violates significant social norms & is
disapproved of by large #'s of people
What are the 9 theories of crime? - Answer- - Supernatural
- Classical
- Pathology
- Social Disorganization
- Cultural transmission
- Anomie
- Control
- Labeling
- Conflict
Supernatural theory of crime - Answer- Assume: good vs. evil & sin
Why crime? succumbing to temptation
Treatment: punishment for moral cleansing/reform
AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
What's the difference between race and ethnic group? - Answer- Race is physical
characteristics of a group while ethnic groups are the cultural background or national
origin
What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination? - Answer- Prejudice is a
internal attitude/bias towards a group while discrimination is the external behavior that
results from the bias
Dominant group definition - Answer- a racial or ethnic group that has the greatest power
and resources in a society
Subordinate group definition - Answer- a group whose members, because of physical or
cultural characteristics, are disadvantaged and subjected to unequal treatment and
discrimination by the dominant group
Stereotype definition - Answer- Overgeneralizations about the appearance, behavior, or
other characteristics of members of particular categories
Racism definition - Answer- A set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices that is used to
justify the superior treatment of one racial or ethnic group and the inferior treatment of
another racial or ethnic group
Authoritarian personality definition - Answer- a personality type characterized by
excessive conformity, submissiveness to authority, intolerance, insecurity, a high level
of superstition, and rigid stereotypic thinking
Individual discrimination definition - Answer- behavior consisting of one-on-one acts by
members of the dominant group that harm members of the subordinate group or their
property
Institutional discrimination definition - Answer- the day-to-day practice of organizations
and institutions that have a harmful effect on members of subordinate groups
Symbolic interactionist perspective on race and ethnic relations - Answer- Examine how
microlevel contacts between people may produce greater racial tolerance or increased
levels of hostility
, Functionalist perspective on race and ethnic relations - Answer- Focus on the
macrolevel intergroup processes that occur between members of dominant and
subordinate groups in society
conflict perspective on race and ethnic relations - Answer- power/economic differentials
between dominant and subordinate groups
Assimilation definition - Answer- a process by which members of subordinate racial and
ethnic groups become absorbed into the dominant culture
Ethnic pluralism definition - Answer- the coexistence of a variety of distinct racial and
ethnic groups within one society
Segregation definition - Answer- the spatial and social separation of categories of
people by race, ethnicity, class, gender, and/or religion
De jure - Answer- by law
de facto - Answer- by customs
Internal colonialism definition - Answer- Occurs when members of a racial or ethnic
group are conquered or colonized and forcibly placed under the economic and political
control of the dominant group
Critical race theory definition - Answer- the belief that racism is such an ingrained
feature of U.S. society that it appears to be ordinary and natural to many people
Which ethnic group was the most disadvantaged in income, housing, wealth, and
employment? - Answer- Native Americans/Alaska Natives
What is deviance? - Answer- behavior that violates significant social norms & is
disapproved of by large #'s of people
What are the 9 theories of crime? - Answer- - Supernatural
- Classical
- Pathology
- Social Disorganization
- Cultural transmission
- Anomie
- Control
- Labeling
- Conflict
Supernatural theory of crime - Answer- Assume: good vs. evil & sin
Why crime? succumbing to temptation
Treatment: punishment for moral cleansing/reform
