NU 578 UNIT 4 ADVANCED PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS (UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA)
2026/2027 NU 578 UNIT 4 ADVANCED
PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS (UNIVERSITY OF
SOUTH ALABAMA) NURSING EXAM 100
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH DETAILED
EXPLANATIONS
1. A patient with hypertension and diabetes is started on lisinopril. What is the
primary benefit?
A. Reduces heart rate
B. Prevents hypoglycemia
C. Protects renal function
D. Increases insulin sensitivity
Answer: 🔴 C. Protects renal function
🟡 Explanation: ACE inhibitors reduce intraglomerular pressure and slow diabetic nephropathy
progression.
2. Which medication is first-line for acute anaphylaxis?
A. Diphenhydramine
B. Albuterol
C. Epinephrine
D. Prednisone
Answer: 🔴 C. Epinephrine
🟡 Explanation: Epinephrine rapidly reverses airway edema, vasodilation, and bronchospasm.
3. A patient on warfarin has an elevated INR. What is the antidote?
,NU 578 UNIT 4 ADVANCED PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS (UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA)
A. Protamine sulfate
B. Vitamin K
C. Heparin
D. Aspirin
Answer: 🔴 B. Vitamin K
🟡 Explanation: Vitamin K restores clotting factor production inhibited by warfarin.
4. Which drug class is contraindicated in pregnancy?
A. Beta blockers
B. ACE inhibitors
C. Calcium channel blockers
D. Insulin
Answer: 🔴 B. ACE inhibitors
🟡 Explanation: ACE inhibitors cause fetal renal damage and oligohydramnios.
5. Metformin’s primary mechanism is:
A. Increase insulin secretion
B. Decrease hepatic glucose production
C. Increase glucose absorption
D. Stimulate glucagon
Answer: 🔴 B. Decrease hepatic glucose production
🟡 Explanation: Metformin suppresses gluconeogenesis and improves insulin sensitivity.
6. Which medication can cause a dry cough?
A. ARBs
B. ACE inhibitors
C. Beta blockers
D. Diuretics
Answer: 🔴 B. ACE inhibitors
🟡 Explanation: Increased bradykinin levels cause persistent dry cough.
, NU 578 UNIT 4 ADVANCED PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS (UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA)
7. Which diuretic is potassium-sparing?
A. Furosemide
B. Hydrochlorothiazide
C. Spironolactone
D. Mannitol
Answer: 🔴 C. Spironolactone
🟡 Explanation: Blocks aldosterone → potassium retention.
8. What is the reversal agent for heparin?
A. Vitamin K
B. Protamine sulfate
C. Naloxone
D. Flumazenil
Answer: 🔴 B. Protamine sulfate
🟡 Explanation: Protamine neutralizes heparin activity.
9. Which medication is best for rate control in atrial fibrillation?
A. Amiodarone
B. Metoprolol
C. Atropine
D. Lidocaine
Answer: 🔴 B. Metoprolol
🟡 Explanation: Beta blockers slow AV node conduction → control ventricular rate.
10. Statins primarily:
A. Increase HDL only
B. Lower LDL
C. Lower triglycerides only
D. Increase glucose
Answer: 🔴 B. Lower LDL
🟡 Explanation: Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase → decrease LDL synthesis.
2026/2027 NU 578 UNIT 4 ADVANCED
PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS (UNIVERSITY OF
SOUTH ALABAMA) NURSING EXAM 100
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH DETAILED
EXPLANATIONS
1. A patient with hypertension and diabetes is started on lisinopril. What is the
primary benefit?
A. Reduces heart rate
B. Prevents hypoglycemia
C. Protects renal function
D. Increases insulin sensitivity
Answer: 🔴 C. Protects renal function
🟡 Explanation: ACE inhibitors reduce intraglomerular pressure and slow diabetic nephropathy
progression.
2. Which medication is first-line for acute anaphylaxis?
A. Diphenhydramine
B. Albuterol
C. Epinephrine
D. Prednisone
Answer: 🔴 C. Epinephrine
🟡 Explanation: Epinephrine rapidly reverses airway edema, vasodilation, and bronchospasm.
3. A patient on warfarin has an elevated INR. What is the antidote?
,NU 578 UNIT 4 ADVANCED PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS (UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA)
A. Protamine sulfate
B. Vitamin K
C. Heparin
D. Aspirin
Answer: 🔴 B. Vitamin K
🟡 Explanation: Vitamin K restores clotting factor production inhibited by warfarin.
4. Which drug class is contraindicated in pregnancy?
A. Beta blockers
B. ACE inhibitors
C. Calcium channel blockers
D. Insulin
Answer: 🔴 B. ACE inhibitors
🟡 Explanation: ACE inhibitors cause fetal renal damage and oligohydramnios.
5. Metformin’s primary mechanism is:
A. Increase insulin secretion
B. Decrease hepatic glucose production
C. Increase glucose absorption
D. Stimulate glucagon
Answer: 🔴 B. Decrease hepatic glucose production
🟡 Explanation: Metformin suppresses gluconeogenesis and improves insulin sensitivity.
6. Which medication can cause a dry cough?
A. ARBs
B. ACE inhibitors
C. Beta blockers
D. Diuretics
Answer: 🔴 B. ACE inhibitors
🟡 Explanation: Increased bradykinin levels cause persistent dry cough.
, NU 578 UNIT 4 ADVANCED PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS (UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA)
7. Which diuretic is potassium-sparing?
A. Furosemide
B. Hydrochlorothiazide
C. Spironolactone
D. Mannitol
Answer: 🔴 C. Spironolactone
🟡 Explanation: Blocks aldosterone → potassium retention.
8. What is the reversal agent for heparin?
A. Vitamin K
B. Protamine sulfate
C. Naloxone
D. Flumazenil
Answer: 🔴 B. Protamine sulfate
🟡 Explanation: Protamine neutralizes heparin activity.
9. Which medication is best for rate control in atrial fibrillation?
A. Amiodarone
B. Metoprolol
C. Atropine
D. Lidocaine
Answer: 🔴 B. Metoprolol
🟡 Explanation: Beta blockers slow AV node conduction → control ventricular rate.
10. Statins primarily:
A. Increase HDL only
B. Lower LDL
C. Lower triglycerides only
D. Increase glucose
Answer: 🔴 B. Lower LDL
🟡 Explanation: Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase → decrease LDL synthesis.
