EPID 309 FINAL
Descriptive study - answer an epidemiological study that describes a disease with
respect to person, place, and time
Analytic study - answer an epidemiological study aimed at testing hypotheses
Risk - answer probability an event will occur
Risk Factor - answeran exposure associated with morbidity, mortality, or adverse health
outcome
Risk Assessment - answer methodology to provide quantitative health measurements of
risk to health
Demographic transition - answershift in patterns of birth and death rates
Epidemiologic transition - answershift in patterns of morbidity and mortality
Pandemic influenza - answerKilled 50 to 100 million persons globally ─ Estimated 1/3 of
world's population became infected and developed clinically observable illness.
Discovery of penicillin - answerAlexander Fleming (1881-1955) discovered the anti-
microbial properties of the mold Penicillium notatum in 1928. Antibiotics become
available at end of WW2
Smallpox eradication - answer(1979) ~300-500 m deaths in 20th century
Publication of U.S. Surgeon General's report, Smoking and Health - answer(1964) -
smoking causes cancer
Paracelsus - answerone of founders of the field of toxicology
John Graunt - answer1st to employ quantitative methods. AKA Columbus of statistics
Ramazzini - answerregarded as founder of occupational medicine.
Sir Percival Pott - answerthought to be the first person to describe an environmental
cause of cancer
Edward Jenner - answerdeveloped a method for smallpox vaccination in 1796
John Snow - answerBelieved cholera transmitted by contaminated water
, Robert Koch - answerKoch's postulates demonstrated the association between a
microorganism and a disease.
Always be present
Isolated from host
Reproduce the disease
Recovered
Epidemiology - answerStudy of the distribution and determinants of health-related
states or events in specified populations and the application of this study to control of
health problems
Uses for eip - answerDetermine extent of disease in community
Measurement of disease frequency
Distribution of disease
Determinants of disease
Incidence - answerQuantifies new disease (or event) occurring in a specific population
among individuals at risk in a defined time period
Prevalence - answerNumber existing cases of disease or health condition, or deaths in
a population at some designated time
adjusted rates - answerA rate of morbidity or mortality in a population in which statistical
procedures have been applied to permit fair comparisons across populations by
removing the effect of differences in the composition of various populations
Prevalence rate - answer# cases of a disease present in the population during a
specified time/ # of persons in the population at that specified time* Multiplyer
Incidence Rate - answer# new cases of a disease occurring in the population during a
specified period of time/ # of persons at risk of developing the disease during that period
of time* Multiplyer
CFR (%) - answerNumber of deaths due to disease "X"/ Number of cases of disease "X"
* 100
Death Rate - answerNumber of deaths in a given year/ Reference population (during
midpoint of the year) X Multiplyer (e.g 100,000)
cause specific - answerMortality (or frequency of a given disease) Population size at
midpoint of time period * 100,000
age specific - answerNumber of deaths among those aged 15-24 years (during time
period)/ Number of persons who are aged 15-24 years (during time period) * 100,000
Descriptive study - answer an epidemiological study that describes a disease with
respect to person, place, and time
Analytic study - answer an epidemiological study aimed at testing hypotheses
Risk - answer probability an event will occur
Risk Factor - answeran exposure associated with morbidity, mortality, or adverse health
outcome
Risk Assessment - answer methodology to provide quantitative health measurements of
risk to health
Demographic transition - answershift in patterns of birth and death rates
Epidemiologic transition - answershift in patterns of morbidity and mortality
Pandemic influenza - answerKilled 50 to 100 million persons globally ─ Estimated 1/3 of
world's population became infected and developed clinically observable illness.
Discovery of penicillin - answerAlexander Fleming (1881-1955) discovered the anti-
microbial properties of the mold Penicillium notatum in 1928. Antibiotics become
available at end of WW2
Smallpox eradication - answer(1979) ~300-500 m deaths in 20th century
Publication of U.S. Surgeon General's report, Smoking and Health - answer(1964) -
smoking causes cancer
Paracelsus - answerone of founders of the field of toxicology
John Graunt - answer1st to employ quantitative methods. AKA Columbus of statistics
Ramazzini - answerregarded as founder of occupational medicine.
Sir Percival Pott - answerthought to be the first person to describe an environmental
cause of cancer
Edward Jenner - answerdeveloped a method for smallpox vaccination in 1796
John Snow - answerBelieved cholera transmitted by contaminated water
, Robert Koch - answerKoch's postulates demonstrated the association between a
microorganism and a disease.
Always be present
Isolated from host
Reproduce the disease
Recovered
Epidemiology - answerStudy of the distribution and determinants of health-related
states or events in specified populations and the application of this study to control of
health problems
Uses for eip - answerDetermine extent of disease in community
Measurement of disease frequency
Distribution of disease
Determinants of disease
Incidence - answerQuantifies new disease (or event) occurring in a specific population
among individuals at risk in a defined time period
Prevalence - answerNumber existing cases of disease or health condition, or deaths in
a population at some designated time
adjusted rates - answerA rate of morbidity or mortality in a population in which statistical
procedures have been applied to permit fair comparisons across populations by
removing the effect of differences in the composition of various populations
Prevalence rate - answer# cases of a disease present in the population during a
specified time/ # of persons in the population at that specified time* Multiplyer
Incidence Rate - answer# new cases of a disease occurring in the population during a
specified period of time/ # of persons at risk of developing the disease during that period
of time* Multiplyer
CFR (%) - answerNumber of deaths due to disease "X"/ Number of cases of disease "X"
* 100
Death Rate - answerNumber of deaths in a given year/ Reference population (during
midpoint of the year) X Multiplyer (e.g 100,000)
cause specific - answerMortality (or frequency of a given disease) Population size at
midpoint of time period * 100,000
age specific - answerNumber of deaths among those aged 15-24 years (during time
period)/ Number of persons who are aged 15-24 years (during time period) * 100,000
