SOCIOLOGY 1010 EXAM WITH 100%
COMPLETE PASS
Applied sociology - Answer- the use of the discipline of sociology with the specific intent
of yielding practical applications for human behavior and organizations
CCI - Answer- (center for community initiatives) (1) interviewing and surveying key
community participants, (2) coordinating data collection by the project's staff, (3)
analyzing data, and (4) preparing progress reports for funding agencies and community
partners.
Environmental sociologist - Answer- examine the relationship between human societies
and the physical environment. One focus of their work is the issue of "environmental
justice" (see Chapter 15), raised when researchers and community activists found that
hazardous waste dumps are especially likely to be situated in poor and minority
neighborhoods (M. Martin 1996).
Clinical sociology - Answer- facilitating change by altering social relationships or
restructuring social institutions
Basic sociology - Answer- (also called pure sociology), which seeks a more profound
knowledge of the fundamental aspects of social phenomena. This type of research is
not necessarily meant to generate specific applications, although such ideas may result
once findings are analyzed. When Durkheim studied suicide rates, he was not primarily
interested in discovering a way to eliminate suicide.
Globalization - Answer- is the worldwide integration of government policies, culture,
social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas.
Social inequality - Answer- A condition in which members of society have differing
amounts of wealth, prestige, or power.
Sociological imagination - Answer- emile An awareness of the relationship between an
individual and the wider society, both today and in the past.
The Adlers - Answer- focused their work on those who self-harm, when doing this
research they used all three major sociology frameworks. approaches. For self-injurers,
who rarely come into contact with others like themselves, the Internet functions as a
meeting place, a refuge from their self-imposed social isolation. As conflict theorists
,would point out, their unconventional behavior marginalizes them, preventing them from
receiving assistance even when they would welcome it. considered. Surprisingly,
members often begin to injure themselves in the company of others rather than in
secret. They have recently begun to coalesce as a subculture.
Scientific Method - Answer- studying society. The scientific method is a systematic,
organized series of steps that ensures maximum objectivity and consistency in
researching a problem. method: (1) defining the problem,(2)reviewing the
literature,(3)formulating the hypothesis, (4) selecting the research design and then
collecting and analyzing data, and (5) developing the conclusion
study. Often the report will begin with an executive summary of the method they
followed and their conclusion.
Reviewing the literature - Answer- The review of the literature would soon tell us that
many factors besides years of schooling influence earning potential. For example, we
would learn that the children of rich parents are more likely to go to college than those
of poor parents, so we might consider the possibility that rich parents may later help
their children to secure better-paying jobs. We might also look at macro-level data, such
as state-by-state comparisons of income and educational levels. In one macro-level
study based on census data, researchers found that in states whose residents have a
relatively high level of education, household income levels are high as well(Figure 5-2).
Thisfinding suggeststhatschooling may well be related to income, though it does not
speak to the micro-level relationship we are interested in. That is, we want to know
whether individuals who are well educated are also well paid.
Hypothesis - Answer- is a speculative statement about the relationship between two or
more factors known as study Variables Income, religion, occupation, and gender can all
serve as variables in a conditions.
Variable - Answer- as a measurable trait or characteristic that is subject to change
under different conditions.
independent variable - Answer- The other variable is termed the dependent variable
because its action depends on the influence of the independent variable. In other words,
the researcher believes that the independent variable predicts or causes change in the
dependent variable.
casual logic - Answer- involves the relationship between a condition or variable and a
particular consequence, with one leading to the other
Correlation - Answer- exists when a change in one variable coincides with a change in
the other
Collecting and analyzing data - Answer- You need to collect information, using one of
the research designs described later in the chapter. The research design guides the
researcher in collecting and analyzing data.
, Social Imagination - Answer- an awareness of the relationship between an individual
and the wider society, both today and in the past
Sociology - Answer- simply, the scientific study of social behavior and human groups.
Science - Answer- refers to the body of knowledge obtained by methods based on
systematic observation.
natural science - Answer- The study of the physical features of nature and the ways in
which they interact and change.
social science - Answer- The study of the social features of humans and the ways in
which they interact and change
Sociology and Common Sense - Answer- we rely on common sense to get us through
unfamiliar situations
what is sociological theory? - Answer- a set of statements that seeks to explain
problems, actions, or behavior
Auguste Comte (1798-1857) - Answer- believed that a theoretical science of society and
a systematic investigation of behavior were needed to improve society, He coined the
term sociology. Feared that the french went a little crazy during the revolution and
impaired stability. He presented a rather ambitious challenge to the fledgling discipline.
Harriet Martineau (1802-1876) - Answer- scholars learned of Comte's works largely
through translations by the English sociologist Harriet martineau. She offered insightful
observations of the customs and social practices of both her native Britain and the
united states. Wrote a book society in america, examined religion, politics, child rearing
and immigration in the young nation. It also gave special attention to social class
distinctions and to such factors and gender and race.
Herbert Spencer - Answer- did not feel compelled to correct or improve society; instead,
he merely hiped to junderstand it better. Adapted Darwin's theory of survival of the
fittest. Argued that it is natural that some people are rich while other are poor.
Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) - Answer- had a lot of theoretical work on suicide.
remembered for his insistence that behavior must be understood within a larger social
context, not just in individualistic terms. another work of his was consequences of work
in modern societies. In his view, the growing division of labor in industrial societies, as
worker became much more specialized in their tasks, let to what he called Anomie
(refers to the loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior
has become ineffective).
COMPLETE PASS
Applied sociology - Answer- the use of the discipline of sociology with the specific intent
of yielding practical applications for human behavior and organizations
CCI - Answer- (center for community initiatives) (1) interviewing and surveying key
community participants, (2) coordinating data collection by the project's staff, (3)
analyzing data, and (4) preparing progress reports for funding agencies and community
partners.
Environmental sociologist - Answer- examine the relationship between human societies
and the physical environment. One focus of their work is the issue of "environmental
justice" (see Chapter 15), raised when researchers and community activists found that
hazardous waste dumps are especially likely to be situated in poor and minority
neighborhoods (M. Martin 1996).
Clinical sociology - Answer- facilitating change by altering social relationships or
restructuring social institutions
Basic sociology - Answer- (also called pure sociology), which seeks a more profound
knowledge of the fundamental aspects of social phenomena. This type of research is
not necessarily meant to generate specific applications, although such ideas may result
once findings are analyzed. When Durkheim studied suicide rates, he was not primarily
interested in discovering a way to eliminate suicide.
Globalization - Answer- is the worldwide integration of government policies, culture,
social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas.
Social inequality - Answer- A condition in which members of society have differing
amounts of wealth, prestige, or power.
Sociological imagination - Answer- emile An awareness of the relationship between an
individual and the wider society, both today and in the past.
The Adlers - Answer- focused their work on those who self-harm, when doing this
research they used all three major sociology frameworks. approaches. For self-injurers,
who rarely come into contact with others like themselves, the Internet functions as a
meeting place, a refuge from their self-imposed social isolation. As conflict theorists
,would point out, their unconventional behavior marginalizes them, preventing them from
receiving assistance even when they would welcome it. considered. Surprisingly,
members often begin to injure themselves in the company of others rather than in
secret. They have recently begun to coalesce as a subculture.
Scientific Method - Answer- studying society. The scientific method is a systematic,
organized series of steps that ensures maximum objectivity and consistency in
researching a problem. method: (1) defining the problem,(2)reviewing the
literature,(3)formulating the hypothesis, (4) selecting the research design and then
collecting and analyzing data, and (5) developing the conclusion
study. Often the report will begin with an executive summary of the method they
followed and their conclusion.
Reviewing the literature - Answer- The review of the literature would soon tell us that
many factors besides years of schooling influence earning potential. For example, we
would learn that the children of rich parents are more likely to go to college than those
of poor parents, so we might consider the possibility that rich parents may later help
their children to secure better-paying jobs. We might also look at macro-level data, such
as state-by-state comparisons of income and educational levels. In one macro-level
study based on census data, researchers found that in states whose residents have a
relatively high level of education, household income levels are high as well(Figure 5-2).
Thisfinding suggeststhatschooling may well be related to income, though it does not
speak to the micro-level relationship we are interested in. That is, we want to know
whether individuals who are well educated are also well paid.
Hypothesis - Answer- is a speculative statement about the relationship between two or
more factors known as study Variables Income, religion, occupation, and gender can all
serve as variables in a conditions.
Variable - Answer- as a measurable trait or characteristic that is subject to change
under different conditions.
independent variable - Answer- The other variable is termed the dependent variable
because its action depends on the influence of the independent variable. In other words,
the researcher believes that the independent variable predicts or causes change in the
dependent variable.
casual logic - Answer- involves the relationship between a condition or variable and a
particular consequence, with one leading to the other
Correlation - Answer- exists when a change in one variable coincides with a change in
the other
Collecting and analyzing data - Answer- You need to collect information, using one of
the research designs described later in the chapter. The research design guides the
researcher in collecting and analyzing data.
, Social Imagination - Answer- an awareness of the relationship between an individual
and the wider society, both today and in the past
Sociology - Answer- simply, the scientific study of social behavior and human groups.
Science - Answer- refers to the body of knowledge obtained by methods based on
systematic observation.
natural science - Answer- The study of the physical features of nature and the ways in
which they interact and change.
social science - Answer- The study of the social features of humans and the ways in
which they interact and change
Sociology and Common Sense - Answer- we rely on common sense to get us through
unfamiliar situations
what is sociological theory? - Answer- a set of statements that seeks to explain
problems, actions, or behavior
Auguste Comte (1798-1857) - Answer- believed that a theoretical science of society and
a systematic investigation of behavior were needed to improve society, He coined the
term sociology. Feared that the french went a little crazy during the revolution and
impaired stability. He presented a rather ambitious challenge to the fledgling discipline.
Harriet Martineau (1802-1876) - Answer- scholars learned of Comte's works largely
through translations by the English sociologist Harriet martineau. She offered insightful
observations of the customs and social practices of both her native Britain and the
united states. Wrote a book society in america, examined religion, politics, child rearing
and immigration in the young nation. It also gave special attention to social class
distinctions and to such factors and gender and race.
Herbert Spencer - Answer- did not feel compelled to correct or improve society; instead,
he merely hiped to junderstand it better. Adapted Darwin's theory of survival of the
fittest. Argued that it is natural that some people are rich while other are poor.
Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) - Answer- had a lot of theoretical work on suicide.
remembered for his insistence that behavior must be understood within a larger social
context, not just in individualistic terms. another work of his was consequences of work
in modern societies. In his view, the growing division of labor in industrial societies, as
worker became much more specialized in their tasks, let to what he called Anomie
(refers to the loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior
has become ineffective).
