WILKES UNIVERSITY NUR 306 – PUBLIC HEALTH
NURSING EXAM 2QUESTION AND CORRECT
ANSWER 2026 UPDATE COMPLETE SOLUTION
1–10: Advanced Epidemiology & Analysis
1. A sudden increase in malaria cases in a region is best described as:
A. Endemic
B. Epidemic
C. Pandemic
D. Sporadic
Answer: B
Rationale: An epidemic refers to a sudden increase in cases above the expected baseline within a
specific population or geographic area. Malaria is endemic in some regions, but a sharp rise
signals an epidemic requiring investigation.
2. Which study design is best for identifying risk factors for a rare disease?
A. Cohort study
B. Case-control study
C. Cross-sectional study
D. Experimental study
Answer: B
Rationale: Case-control studies are efficient for rare diseases because they begin with cases and
compare exposures retrospectively with controls.
3. Relative risk is primarily calculated in:
A. Case-control studies
B. Cohort studies
C. Cross-sectional studies
D. Ecological studies
Answer: B
Rationale: Cohort studies follow exposed and unexposed groups over time, allowing direct
calculation of incidence and relative risk.
4. A disease consistently present at low levels is:
A. Epidemic
B. Pandemic
C. Endemic
,D. Outbreak
Answer: C
Rationale: Endemic diseases persist at predictable baseline levels within a population.
5. The attack rate is best used during:
A. Chronic disease studies
B. Outbreak investigations
C. Longitudinal studies
D. Policy analysis
Answer: B
Rationale: Attack rate measures the proportion of individuals who become ill during an
outbreak, helping identify exposure sources.
6. Which variable is most important in person-place-time analysis?
A. Treatment
B. Distribution patterns
C. Diagnosis
D. Medication
Answer: B
Rationale: Epidemiology relies on identifying patterns across person, place, and time to
generate hypotheses.
7. Confounding occurs when:
A. Results are accurate
B. A third variable distorts the relationship
C. Data is missing
D. Sampling is random
Answer: B
Rationale: A confounder is an extraneous factor that is associated with both exposure and
outcome, biasing results.
8. Validity refers to:
A. Consistency
B. Accuracy
C. Precision
D. Reliability
Answer: B
Rationale: Validity reflects whether a study measures what it intends to measure.
, 9. Reliability refers to:
A. Accuracy
B. Consistency of results
C. Bias
D. Error
Answer: B
Rationale: Reliability ensures repeated measurements yield similar results.
10. The incubation period is:
A. Time from symptoms to recovery
B. Time from exposure to symptom onset
C. Time from diagnosis to treatment
D. Duration of disease
Answer: B
Rationale: Critical in outbreak investigation for identifying exposure windows.
11–20: Program Planning & Evaluation
11. The first step in program planning is:
A. Evaluation
B. Assessment
C. Implementation
D. Budgeting
Answer: B
Rationale: Assessment identifies community needs, resources, and priorities.
12. SMART objectives are:
A. General
B. Measurable and time-bound
C. Flexible only
D. Optional
Answer: B
Rationale: SMART = Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound.
13. Process evaluation focuses on:
A. Outcomes
NURSING EXAM 2QUESTION AND CORRECT
ANSWER 2026 UPDATE COMPLETE SOLUTION
1–10: Advanced Epidemiology & Analysis
1. A sudden increase in malaria cases in a region is best described as:
A. Endemic
B. Epidemic
C. Pandemic
D. Sporadic
Answer: B
Rationale: An epidemic refers to a sudden increase in cases above the expected baseline within a
specific population or geographic area. Malaria is endemic in some regions, but a sharp rise
signals an epidemic requiring investigation.
2. Which study design is best for identifying risk factors for a rare disease?
A. Cohort study
B. Case-control study
C. Cross-sectional study
D. Experimental study
Answer: B
Rationale: Case-control studies are efficient for rare diseases because they begin with cases and
compare exposures retrospectively with controls.
3. Relative risk is primarily calculated in:
A. Case-control studies
B. Cohort studies
C. Cross-sectional studies
D. Ecological studies
Answer: B
Rationale: Cohort studies follow exposed and unexposed groups over time, allowing direct
calculation of incidence and relative risk.
4. A disease consistently present at low levels is:
A. Epidemic
B. Pandemic
C. Endemic
,D. Outbreak
Answer: C
Rationale: Endemic diseases persist at predictable baseline levels within a population.
5. The attack rate is best used during:
A. Chronic disease studies
B. Outbreak investigations
C. Longitudinal studies
D. Policy analysis
Answer: B
Rationale: Attack rate measures the proportion of individuals who become ill during an
outbreak, helping identify exposure sources.
6. Which variable is most important in person-place-time analysis?
A. Treatment
B. Distribution patterns
C. Diagnosis
D. Medication
Answer: B
Rationale: Epidemiology relies on identifying patterns across person, place, and time to
generate hypotheses.
7. Confounding occurs when:
A. Results are accurate
B. A third variable distorts the relationship
C. Data is missing
D. Sampling is random
Answer: B
Rationale: A confounder is an extraneous factor that is associated with both exposure and
outcome, biasing results.
8. Validity refers to:
A. Consistency
B. Accuracy
C. Precision
D. Reliability
Answer: B
Rationale: Validity reflects whether a study measures what it intends to measure.
, 9. Reliability refers to:
A. Accuracy
B. Consistency of results
C. Bias
D. Error
Answer: B
Rationale: Reliability ensures repeated measurements yield similar results.
10. The incubation period is:
A. Time from symptoms to recovery
B. Time from exposure to symptom onset
C. Time from diagnosis to treatment
D. Duration of disease
Answer: B
Rationale: Critical in outbreak investigation for identifying exposure windows.
11–20: Program Planning & Evaluation
11. The first step in program planning is:
A. Evaluation
B. Assessment
C. Implementation
D. Budgeting
Answer: B
Rationale: Assessment identifies community needs, resources, and priorities.
12. SMART objectives are:
A. General
B. Measurable and time-bound
C. Flexible only
D. Optional
Answer: B
Rationale: SMART = Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound.
13. Process evaluation focuses on:
A. Outcomes
