CFRN COMPREHENSIVE EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔What are the self-imposed stressors of flight? (DEATH) - ✔✔Dehydrations
exhaustion
alcohol
tobacco
✔✔What are two examples of stagnant hypoxia? - ✔✔Cardiogenic shock
G forces
✔✔What are the 3 causes of hypemic hypoxia? - ✔✔CO poisoning
anemia
sickle cell disease
✔✔What are the four stages of hypoxia? - ✔✔Indifference - 0-10,000 (decrease in night
vision @ 4,000 ft)
Compensatory - 10,000-15,000 (Drowsiness, poor judgement, impaired coordination)
Disturbance - 15,000-20,000 (Impaired FLT control)
Critical - 20,000+ (Death)
✔✔Which gravitational force is the best tolerated? - ✔✔Gx
anterior - posterior
starting and stopping in the plane of x
✔✔What is the PQR-ABC-DEFGHI method of reading CXR? - ✔✔P- Position, posterior
anterior upright or Anterior posterior supine?
Q - quality, shot at full inspiration? adequate penetration? All borders of lungs in shot?
R - rotation? are the proximal ends of the clavicles equidistance from the vertebral
bodies?
Airway - trachea midline?
Bones and tissue - look on edges for break, look between ribs for displacement of tissue
Cardiac - is the right border of the heart clear and defined? if not could indicate middle
lobe injury
Diaphragm - right hemidiaphragm should be slightly higher than the left due to liver,
deep costophrenic sulcus? diaphragm descending exceedingly and sharply low like a
horseshoe means possible pneumo
Extraneous - lines and tube and proper placement
Fields of the lung - look for well defined borders and vasculature extending from the
heart to the chest wall, absence of such could indicate pneumo
Gastric bubble - air should be under left hemidiaphragm
Hilum - right should be higher than left, space occupying injuries can change this.
✔✔What is Air Medical Resource Management (AMRM)? - ✔✔Pilot has ultimate
authority
,Adaptation of crew resource management
All to go, one to say no
✔✔What is sterile cockpit and when is it impemented? - ✔✔During taxing
takeoff
landing
Refueling
✔✔Real time radio communication must not exceed how many minutes? - ✔✔15
minutes
✔✔Emergency action plan or EAP will be activated after? - ✔✔Two missed checks or
30 minutes after last check
✔✔Per CAMTS, how far must your flight suit be able to be pulled from your body? -
✔✔1/4 inch
✔✔How many hours must a PIC have before assuming active duty on a flight? -
✔✔2000 hours
✔✔How many hours must a PIC have before assuming active duty on a medevac
flight? - ✔✔5 and two at night
✔✔Per FAR 91, what is the "bottle to throttle" time? - ✔✔8 hours
✔✔Per FAR 135, what is the maximum amount of active flight hours may a pilot have
during 1 duty day before they are required to rest? - ✔✔14 hours
✔✔What are the weather minimums for a day flight? - ✔✔800 foot ceiling and 2 miles of
viz
✔✔What are the weather minimums for night flight? - ✔✔800 foot ceiling and 3 miles of
viz
✔✔What is the #1 cause of aircraft crashes? - ✔✔pilot error
✔✔What is the #1 cause of air medical crashes? - ✔✔Weather
✔✔How large is a hasty or unsecured landing zone? - ✔✔100'x100'
✔✔How many passes must be made before landing? - ✔✔2
One high and One low
, ✔✔What are the preferred egress and approach angles for a helo? - ✔✔10 and 2
✔✔Permanent helipads must have how many approach and departure headings? -
✔✔2 approach and landing
✔✔What is the procedure for pre crash sequence? - ✔✔Lay patient flat
turn off oxygen
Assume position
Seat belt on, sit up straight, cross arms across chest, helmet strapped, visor down,
knees together, feet flat in front of you, chin to chest
✔✔If you become involved in a helo crash, in what order do you turn off equipment? -
✔✔Throttle
Fuel
Batteries
✔✔What are your priorities after a crash - ✔✔Shelter
Fire
Water
Signal
✔✔How many G forces does it take to trip the ELT?
What frequency does the ELT transmit on? - ✔✔4G's
406Mhz
✔✔How far can VHF transmissions travel? - ✔✔100km
✔✔How far do UHF transmissions travel? - ✔✔30-40miles
✔✔What is the radio frequency for emergencies? - ✔✔121.5
✔✔What are the differences between simplex and duplex radio transmissions? -
✔✔Simplex: sending and receiving are done on the same frequency
Duplex: sending and receiving are done on two different frequencies and are sent
through repeaters to help the signal travel further
✔✔What is the CAMTS temperature standard for ambulances? - ✔✔Between 68 and 78
degrees farenheit
✔✔What is the CAMTS minimum distance a ground ambulance must be able to travel?
- ✔✔175 miles
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔What are the self-imposed stressors of flight? (DEATH) - ✔✔Dehydrations
exhaustion
alcohol
tobacco
✔✔What are two examples of stagnant hypoxia? - ✔✔Cardiogenic shock
G forces
✔✔What are the 3 causes of hypemic hypoxia? - ✔✔CO poisoning
anemia
sickle cell disease
✔✔What are the four stages of hypoxia? - ✔✔Indifference - 0-10,000 (decrease in night
vision @ 4,000 ft)
Compensatory - 10,000-15,000 (Drowsiness, poor judgement, impaired coordination)
Disturbance - 15,000-20,000 (Impaired FLT control)
Critical - 20,000+ (Death)
✔✔Which gravitational force is the best tolerated? - ✔✔Gx
anterior - posterior
starting and stopping in the plane of x
✔✔What is the PQR-ABC-DEFGHI method of reading CXR? - ✔✔P- Position, posterior
anterior upright or Anterior posterior supine?
Q - quality, shot at full inspiration? adequate penetration? All borders of lungs in shot?
R - rotation? are the proximal ends of the clavicles equidistance from the vertebral
bodies?
Airway - trachea midline?
Bones and tissue - look on edges for break, look between ribs for displacement of tissue
Cardiac - is the right border of the heart clear and defined? if not could indicate middle
lobe injury
Diaphragm - right hemidiaphragm should be slightly higher than the left due to liver,
deep costophrenic sulcus? diaphragm descending exceedingly and sharply low like a
horseshoe means possible pneumo
Extraneous - lines and tube and proper placement
Fields of the lung - look for well defined borders and vasculature extending from the
heart to the chest wall, absence of such could indicate pneumo
Gastric bubble - air should be under left hemidiaphragm
Hilum - right should be higher than left, space occupying injuries can change this.
✔✔What is Air Medical Resource Management (AMRM)? - ✔✔Pilot has ultimate
authority
,Adaptation of crew resource management
All to go, one to say no
✔✔What is sterile cockpit and when is it impemented? - ✔✔During taxing
takeoff
landing
Refueling
✔✔Real time radio communication must not exceed how many minutes? - ✔✔15
minutes
✔✔Emergency action plan or EAP will be activated after? - ✔✔Two missed checks or
30 minutes after last check
✔✔Per CAMTS, how far must your flight suit be able to be pulled from your body? -
✔✔1/4 inch
✔✔How many hours must a PIC have before assuming active duty on a flight? -
✔✔2000 hours
✔✔How many hours must a PIC have before assuming active duty on a medevac
flight? - ✔✔5 and two at night
✔✔Per FAR 91, what is the "bottle to throttle" time? - ✔✔8 hours
✔✔Per FAR 135, what is the maximum amount of active flight hours may a pilot have
during 1 duty day before they are required to rest? - ✔✔14 hours
✔✔What are the weather minimums for a day flight? - ✔✔800 foot ceiling and 2 miles of
viz
✔✔What are the weather minimums for night flight? - ✔✔800 foot ceiling and 3 miles of
viz
✔✔What is the #1 cause of aircraft crashes? - ✔✔pilot error
✔✔What is the #1 cause of air medical crashes? - ✔✔Weather
✔✔How large is a hasty or unsecured landing zone? - ✔✔100'x100'
✔✔How many passes must be made before landing? - ✔✔2
One high and One low
, ✔✔What are the preferred egress and approach angles for a helo? - ✔✔10 and 2
✔✔Permanent helipads must have how many approach and departure headings? -
✔✔2 approach and landing
✔✔What is the procedure for pre crash sequence? - ✔✔Lay patient flat
turn off oxygen
Assume position
Seat belt on, sit up straight, cross arms across chest, helmet strapped, visor down,
knees together, feet flat in front of you, chin to chest
✔✔If you become involved in a helo crash, in what order do you turn off equipment? -
✔✔Throttle
Fuel
Batteries
✔✔What are your priorities after a crash - ✔✔Shelter
Fire
Water
Signal
✔✔How many G forces does it take to trip the ELT?
What frequency does the ELT transmit on? - ✔✔4G's
406Mhz
✔✔How far can VHF transmissions travel? - ✔✔100km
✔✔How far do UHF transmissions travel? - ✔✔30-40miles
✔✔What is the radio frequency for emergencies? - ✔✔121.5
✔✔What are the differences between simplex and duplex radio transmissions? -
✔✔Simplex: sending and receiving are done on the same frequency
Duplex: sending and receiving are done on two different frequencies and are sent
through repeaters to help the signal travel further
✔✔What is the CAMTS temperature standard for ambulances? - ✔✔Between 68 and 78
degrees farenheit
✔✔What is the CAMTS minimum distance a ground ambulance must be able to travel?
- ✔✔175 miles
