BMS 300 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ACCURATE ANSWERS
Aquaporins - Answers - Channels selective for water
How are triglycerides formed? What kind of bond is formed? - Answers - Dehydration
Synthesis - water is removed from the hydroxyl group on the 3-carbon glycerol and the
fatty acid side chain's carboxyl end
- This then forms an ester bond
Triglyceride structure - Answers - 3 ester bonds to 3 fatty acids
Phospholipid Structure - Answers - - Two fatty acids
- one phosphate head group
What can the head groups on phospholipids be? - Answers - 1) Choline
2) Serine
3) Ethanolamine
Micelle - Answers - Unstable structure, sphere of phospholipids, with opening in the
middle where the tails face
Liposome - Answers - Very rare, but more stable because there are two layers of
phospholipids with tails facing each other. Water can also go in the middle
Two ends of an Amino Acid - Answers - C-Terminus: O=C-OH
N-Terminus: H-N-H
How do we make an amino acid polymer? What kind of bond is formed? - Answers -
Dehydration synthesis: Peptide bond formed using the hydroxyl group from one C-
terminus and the hydrogen of another N-terminus
Directionality of beta pleated sheets - Answers - Antiparallel
Directionality of the alpha helices and beta sheets - Answers - Parallel
How do we distinguish parallel from antiparallel? - Answers - Normal amine/COOH ends
vs. amine/COOH ends opposite each other
How do proteins fold? - Answers - They fold in a way so that the hydrophobic R groups
are hidden from water and the hydrophilic R groups are facing the water
Binding Pockets - Answers - Binding pockets are formed when proteins fold on the
outside of the protein surrounded by hydrophilic R groups
, Histones and Nucleosomes - Answers - Spherical proteins, eight histones assemble
themselves into an octomer known as a nucleosome. DNA wraps itself around the
nucleosome, and forms a coil until the DNA molecule is compressed into condensed
chromatin
Protein Synthesis on RER (2 main responsibilities) - Answers - 1) Secreted proteins,
transmembrane proteins
- Lysosomal proteins
2) Glycosylation (adding sugars
Site of lipid synthesis - Answers - Smooth ER
What types of proteins are synthesized on the RER? - Answers - 1) Proteins destined
for release from cell (secreted proteins)
2) Transmembrane proteins destined to be incorporated into the plasma membrane
3) Lysosomal proteins destined to be sequestered in membrane bounds BAGS celled
lysosomes
What kinds of proteins to free ribosomes synthesize? - Answers - Proteins destined to
be in the cytoplasm
How does a vesicle with transmembrane proteins from the RER --> Golgi fuse with the
plasma membrane? - Answers - Generally a calcium influx, signals and tells the
membrane of the cell and of the vesicle to fuse, and then the protein leaves and goes
into the extracellular space
Macrophage - Answers - Endocytoses pathogens and guides them to lysosomes
What does kinesin walk along? What direction? - Answers - Microtubules (+) end
What does dynein walk along? What direction? - Answers - Microtubules (-) end
What does myosin walk along? What direction? - Answers - Actin (+) end
What distances do microtubules vs actin go? - Answers - MT: long distances, but
kinesin and dynein take smaller steps
Actin: short distances, myosin takes bigger steps
Microtubule monomer - Answers - Tubulin
Filamentous Actin monomer - Answers - Actin
Intermediate Filament monomers - Answers - Neurofilaments and keratin
ACCURATE ANSWERS
Aquaporins - Answers - Channels selective for water
How are triglycerides formed? What kind of bond is formed? - Answers - Dehydration
Synthesis - water is removed from the hydroxyl group on the 3-carbon glycerol and the
fatty acid side chain's carboxyl end
- This then forms an ester bond
Triglyceride structure - Answers - 3 ester bonds to 3 fatty acids
Phospholipid Structure - Answers - - Two fatty acids
- one phosphate head group
What can the head groups on phospholipids be? - Answers - 1) Choline
2) Serine
3) Ethanolamine
Micelle - Answers - Unstable structure, sphere of phospholipids, with opening in the
middle where the tails face
Liposome - Answers - Very rare, but more stable because there are two layers of
phospholipids with tails facing each other. Water can also go in the middle
Two ends of an Amino Acid - Answers - C-Terminus: O=C-OH
N-Terminus: H-N-H
How do we make an amino acid polymer? What kind of bond is formed? - Answers -
Dehydration synthesis: Peptide bond formed using the hydroxyl group from one C-
terminus and the hydrogen of another N-terminus
Directionality of beta pleated sheets - Answers - Antiparallel
Directionality of the alpha helices and beta sheets - Answers - Parallel
How do we distinguish parallel from antiparallel? - Answers - Normal amine/COOH ends
vs. amine/COOH ends opposite each other
How do proteins fold? - Answers - They fold in a way so that the hydrophobic R groups
are hidden from water and the hydrophilic R groups are facing the water
Binding Pockets - Answers - Binding pockets are formed when proteins fold on the
outside of the protein surrounded by hydrophilic R groups
, Histones and Nucleosomes - Answers - Spherical proteins, eight histones assemble
themselves into an octomer known as a nucleosome. DNA wraps itself around the
nucleosome, and forms a coil until the DNA molecule is compressed into condensed
chromatin
Protein Synthesis on RER (2 main responsibilities) - Answers - 1) Secreted proteins,
transmembrane proteins
- Lysosomal proteins
2) Glycosylation (adding sugars
Site of lipid synthesis - Answers - Smooth ER
What types of proteins are synthesized on the RER? - Answers - 1) Proteins destined
for release from cell (secreted proteins)
2) Transmembrane proteins destined to be incorporated into the plasma membrane
3) Lysosomal proteins destined to be sequestered in membrane bounds BAGS celled
lysosomes
What kinds of proteins to free ribosomes synthesize? - Answers - Proteins destined to
be in the cytoplasm
How does a vesicle with transmembrane proteins from the RER --> Golgi fuse with the
plasma membrane? - Answers - Generally a calcium influx, signals and tells the
membrane of the cell and of the vesicle to fuse, and then the protein leaves and goes
into the extracellular space
Macrophage - Answers - Endocytoses pathogens and guides them to lysosomes
What does kinesin walk along? What direction? - Answers - Microtubules (+) end
What does dynein walk along? What direction? - Answers - Microtubules (-) end
What does myosin walk along? What direction? - Answers - Actin (+) end
What distances do microtubules vs actin go? - Answers - MT: long distances, but
kinesin and dynein take smaller steps
Actin: short distances, myosin takes bigger steps
Microtubule monomer - Answers - Tubulin
Filamentous Actin monomer - Answers - Actin
Intermediate Filament monomers - Answers - Neurofilaments and keratin
