CFRN UPDATED 2026 EXAM SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔What is base excess? - ✔✔the amount of strong acid or base required to titrate 1 L
of blood to pH 7.40 at 37 degrees C while pCO2 is held constant at 40 mm Hg
✔✔Formula for HCO3 replacement - ✔✔0.1 x (-BE) x kg
✔✔If your SaO2 is 90% then what is your likely Pao2? - ✔✔Pao2 60%
✔✔What are the critical BGAs for intubation? - ✔✔Pao2< 60
PaCo2 >55
pH <7.2
✔✔For every change in pH of 1.0 the K+ will change by. - ✔✔0.6 in the opposite
direction
✔✔What are the three sides of the pediatric assessment triangle? - ✔✔Work of
breathing
Appearance
Circulation
✔✔What is the LEMON difficult airway assessment? - ✔✔Look externally
Evaluate 3-3-2 three fingers in mouth, three from chin to crich, two from bottom of chin
to below crich
Malampati: 1 best, 4 worst
obstructions
neck mobility
✔✔Optimal intubation is to be performed with the patient's ear at the level of their? -
✔✔Sternal notch
✔✔Is hi flow nasal cannula capable of CPAP and Bipap modes? - ✔✔Yes
✔✔What is the standard for ETT cuff pressures? - ✔✔20-30, 25cm h2o is gold standard
✔✔How far away should the ETT be placed from the carina? - ✔✔2-3cm
✔✔At what vertebrae should the ETT tip sit ? - ✔✔T2-T3
✔✔What is the RSI dose of ketamine? - ✔✔2mg/kg
✔✔What are contraindications for succinylcholine? - ✔✔hyperkalemia
eye injuries
,nervous system disorders
✔✔With unstable patients requiring intubation you should consider _____the dose of
sedation and _____ the dose of paralytic - ✔✔half, double
✔✔How many attempts are standard for a field intubation before attempting a surgical
airway? - ✔✔3 if hyperoxygenated
✔✔Where are the central chemoreceptors located? - ✔✔In the medulla and pons
✔✔What two factors influence oxygenation? - ✔✔Fio2 and PEEP
✔✔What two factors influence ventilaton? - ✔✔Respiratory rate and Tidal Volume
✔✔Plateau pressure should be maintained less than? - ✔✔30cmH2o
✔✔Peak pressure should be maintained less than? - ✔✔40cmH2o
✔✔Peak inspiratory pressure should be maintained less than? - ✔✔35cmH2o
✔✔What is the IBW calculation for males in inches? - ✔✔50kg + 2.3kg for every inch
over 5 feet.
✔✔What is the IBW calculation for females in inches? - ✔✔45.5kg +2.3kg for every inch
over 5 feet
✔✔What is the IBW calculation in cm for males? - ✔✔50 + (0.91 x cm - 152.4)
✔✔What is the IBW calc in cm for women? - ✔✔45.5 + (0.91 x cm - 152.4)
✔✔What is Trousseau's sign? - ✔✔BP cuff inflated and causes a carpal spasm.
(Low calcium)
✔✔What is Chvostek's sign? - ✔✔Push the cheek and it spasms
(low calcium)
✔✔What is the normal anion gap? - ✔✔4-12
✔✔What is normal albumin level? - ✔✔3.5-5
✔✔What is the implication of hypoalbuminemia? - ✔✔Liver failure, clotting concerns,
less clotting ability
, ✔✔What is normal PTT? - ✔✔25-35 seconds
✔✔What is normal PT? - ✔✔10-13 seconds
✔✔What is normal INR? - ✔✔0.8-1.2
✔✔What is the reversal for lovenox or heparin? - ✔✔Protamine sulfate
✔✔What is the dose for protamine sulfate? - ✔✔1.5mg per 100 units of heparin
✔✔What is the reversal for warfarin/coumadin? - ✔✔Vitamin K
✔✔What is the dose of vitamin K for warfarin reversal? - ✔✔2.5 - 5mg
✔✔What is the normal ALT? - ✔✔7-55
✔✔What is the normal AST? - ✔✔08-48
✔✔What is normal lactate level? - ✔✔0.5-1 mmol/L
✔✔What is the adequate urine output formula for adults? - ✔✔0.5cc/kg/hr
✔✔What is the adequate urine output formula for pediatrics? - ✔✔1cc/kg/hr
✔✔What is the the formula for ideal tidal volume? - ✔✔5ml/kg
✔✔What is normal serum osmo? - ✔✔275-295
✔✔What is the octreotide dose for GI bleed? - ✔✔25-100mcg IV bolus
25-50mcg/hr infusion continuous
✔✔What is Hamman's sign? - ✔✔mediastinal crunch or clicking produced by heart
beating against air-filled tissues
✔✔What is Hamman's sign and what does it indicate? - ✔✔Pneumomediastinum or
boerhaave's tears
✔✔Unsolved pancreatitis can lead to what life threatening condition? - ✔✔ARDS
✔✔Which LFT labs increase with pancreatitis? - ✔✔Amylase and Lipase
✔✔What is grey turner's sign? - ✔✔ecchymosis at the flank due to retroperitoneal bleed
(pancreatic hemmorhage)
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔What is base excess? - ✔✔the amount of strong acid or base required to titrate 1 L
of blood to pH 7.40 at 37 degrees C while pCO2 is held constant at 40 mm Hg
✔✔Formula for HCO3 replacement - ✔✔0.1 x (-BE) x kg
✔✔If your SaO2 is 90% then what is your likely Pao2? - ✔✔Pao2 60%
✔✔What are the critical BGAs for intubation? - ✔✔Pao2< 60
PaCo2 >55
pH <7.2
✔✔For every change in pH of 1.0 the K+ will change by. - ✔✔0.6 in the opposite
direction
✔✔What are the three sides of the pediatric assessment triangle? - ✔✔Work of
breathing
Appearance
Circulation
✔✔What is the LEMON difficult airway assessment? - ✔✔Look externally
Evaluate 3-3-2 three fingers in mouth, three from chin to crich, two from bottom of chin
to below crich
Malampati: 1 best, 4 worst
obstructions
neck mobility
✔✔Optimal intubation is to be performed with the patient's ear at the level of their? -
✔✔Sternal notch
✔✔Is hi flow nasal cannula capable of CPAP and Bipap modes? - ✔✔Yes
✔✔What is the standard for ETT cuff pressures? - ✔✔20-30, 25cm h2o is gold standard
✔✔How far away should the ETT be placed from the carina? - ✔✔2-3cm
✔✔At what vertebrae should the ETT tip sit ? - ✔✔T2-T3
✔✔What is the RSI dose of ketamine? - ✔✔2mg/kg
✔✔What are contraindications for succinylcholine? - ✔✔hyperkalemia
eye injuries
,nervous system disorders
✔✔With unstable patients requiring intubation you should consider _____the dose of
sedation and _____ the dose of paralytic - ✔✔half, double
✔✔How many attempts are standard for a field intubation before attempting a surgical
airway? - ✔✔3 if hyperoxygenated
✔✔Where are the central chemoreceptors located? - ✔✔In the medulla and pons
✔✔What two factors influence oxygenation? - ✔✔Fio2 and PEEP
✔✔What two factors influence ventilaton? - ✔✔Respiratory rate and Tidal Volume
✔✔Plateau pressure should be maintained less than? - ✔✔30cmH2o
✔✔Peak pressure should be maintained less than? - ✔✔40cmH2o
✔✔Peak inspiratory pressure should be maintained less than? - ✔✔35cmH2o
✔✔What is the IBW calculation for males in inches? - ✔✔50kg + 2.3kg for every inch
over 5 feet.
✔✔What is the IBW calculation for females in inches? - ✔✔45.5kg +2.3kg for every inch
over 5 feet
✔✔What is the IBW calculation in cm for males? - ✔✔50 + (0.91 x cm - 152.4)
✔✔What is the IBW calc in cm for women? - ✔✔45.5 + (0.91 x cm - 152.4)
✔✔What is Trousseau's sign? - ✔✔BP cuff inflated and causes a carpal spasm.
(Low calcium)
✔✔What is Chvostek's sign? - ✔✔Push the cheek and it spasms
(low calcium)
✔✔What is the normal anion gap? - ✔✔4-12
✔✔What is normal albumin level? - ✔✔3.5-5
✔✔What is the implication of hypoalbuminemia? - ✔✔Liver failure, clotting concerns,
less clotting ability
, ✔✔What is normal PTT? - ✔✔25-35 seconds
✔✔What is normal PT? - ✔✔10-13 seconds
✔✔What is normal INR? - ✔✔0.8-1.2
✔✔What is the reversal for lovenox or heparin? - ✔✔Protamine sulfate
✔✔What is the dose for protamine sulfate? - ✔✔1.5mg per 100 units of heparin
✔✔What is the reversal for warfarin/coumadin? - ✔✔Vitamin K
✔✔What is the dose of vitamin K for warfarin reversal? - ✔✔2.5 - 5mg
✔✔What is the normal ALT? - ✔✔7-55
✔✔What is the normal AST? - ✔✔08-48
✔✔What is normal lactate level? - ✔✔0.5-1 mmol/L
✔✔What is the adequate urine output formula for adults? - ✔✔0.5cc/kg/hr
✔✔What is the adequate urine output formula for pediatrics? - ✔✔1cc/kg/hr
✔✔What is the the formula for ideal tidal volume? - ✔✔5ml/kg
✔✔What is normal serum osmo? - ✔✔275-295
✔✔What is the octreotide dose for GI bleed? - ✔✔25-100mcg IV bolus
25-50mcg/hr infusion continuous
✔✔What is Hamman's sign? - ✔✔mediastinal crunch or clicking produced by heart
beating against air-filled tissues
✔✔What is Hamman's sign and what does it indicate? - ✔✔Pneumomediastinum or
boerhaave's tears
✔✔Unsolved pancreatitis can lead to what life threatening condition? - ✔✔ARDS
✔✔Which LFT labs increase with pancreatitis? - ✔✔Amylase and Lipase
✔✔What is grey turner's sign? - ✔✔ecchymosis at the flank due to retroperitoneal bleed
(pancreatic hemmorhage)
