Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Immunologically related disorders - answer1.Ulcerative colitis
2.Crohn's Disease
Characterized by Chronic, recurrent, inflammation of the intestinal tract.
Clinical Manifestation varies w/ long periods of remission interspersed w/ episodes of
acute inflammation
**Both can be debilitating
Cause remains unknown and there's no cure
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) - answerGenetic, infectious, and immunologic
factors=play roles.
Damage is caused by overactive, inappropriate, and sustained inflammatory response
Risk Factors - answerfamily History, Jewish descent, more prevalent among white
populations.
Prevalence Men=Women
can occur at any age but most common
Ulcerative Colitis-10 and 40 years old
crohn's 10 and 30 years old
Crohn's Disease - answerCrohn's Disease=Inflammatory disorder that can affect any
area of the GI tract.
Inflammatory begins=submuscosa, spreads inward and outward.
Involves all layers of the bowel wall.
Characteristics of Crohn's Disease - answersharply, demarcated, -granulomatous
lesions surrounds normal musosal tissues
- surface of inflamed bowel has "Cobblestone" from fissures and crevices that develop
and are surrounded by submucosal edema.
-Lesions=skip and interspersed b/w what appear to be normal segment of bowel
Crohn's: Clinical Manifestations - answer-Colicky pain (lower RQ)
-Intermittent diarrhea (not bloody
-weight loss b/c of small bowel involvement
-fluid and electrolyte disorders
-malaise; low-grade fever
COMPLICATIONS
, -Fistula
-Infection
-Abscess
-Fibrosis
study
Ulcerative Colitis - answer-invloves muscosa and submuscosa
-begins in Rectum and Sigmoid Colon and Spreads up the Colon in continuous pattern
-Mucosa hyperemic- red and velvety
-Pinpoint Mucosal hemorrhages develop into crypt abscesses
-mutilple abcesses develops leaving ulcerations
** Ulcerations=causes Bleeding and Diarrhea
-Losses of fluid, electrolytes, and Protein
-Mucosal layer often develops projections that resemble polyps-pseudopolys
A disease of the colon and rectum—occasional inflammation of terminal ilium. Most
severe in sigmoid colon and rectum.
Water and electrolytes can't be absorbed through inflamed mucosa. Cell breakdown
protein loss.
Ulcerative Colitis
Clinical Manifestations - answerMajor symptoms-Bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain
Mild
1-2 semiformed stool containing small amounts of blood
Moderate
4-5 stools/day, increased bleeding and systemic symptoms-fever,malaise, anorexia
Severe
10-20 stools/day-Diarrhea that's bloody and contains muscus-fever, weight loss >10%,
anemia, tachycardia, and dehydration
Notes:Both are chronic disorders with mild to severe acute exacerbations at
unpredictable intervals over many years.
90% of UC patients have mild to moderately severe disease.
UC clients may also have rectal bleeding and tenesmus (feeling of incomplete
defecation); they may have fever during acute attacks. Weight loss is rare.
Ulcerative Colitis: Complications - answer-Hemorrhage
-strictures
-Anal fissures, hemorrhoids
-perirectal abscess
-Disease for more than 10 years at greater risk of colorectal cancer-periodically
screened w/ colonoscopy
Immunologically related disorders - answer1.Ulcerative colitis
2.Crohn's Disease
Characterized by Chronic, recurrent, inflammation of the intestinal tract.
Clinical Manifestation varies w/ long periods of remission interspersed w/ episodes of
acute inflammation
**Both can be debilitating
Cause remains unknown and there's no cure
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) - answerGenetic, infectious, and immunologic
factors=play roles.
Damage is caused by overactive, inappropriate, and sustained inflammatory response
Risk Factors - answerfamily History, Jewish descent, more prevalent among white
populations.
Prevalence Men=Women
can occur at any age but most common
Ulcerative Colitis-10 and 40 years old
crohn's 10 and 30 years old
Crohn's Disease - answerCrohn's Disease=Inflammatory disorder that can affect any
area of the GI tract.
Inflammatory begins=submuscosa, spreads inward and outward.
Involves all layers of the bowel wall.
Characteristics of Crohn's Disease - answersharply, demarcated, -granulomatous
lesions surrounds normal musosal tissues
- surface of inflamed bowel has "Cobblestone" from fissures and crevices that develop
and are surrounded by submucosal edema.
-Lesions=skip and interspersed b/w what appear to be normal segment of bowel
Crohn's: Clinical Manifestations - answer-Colicky pain (lower RQ)
-Intermittent diarrhea (not bloody
-weight loss b/c of small bowel involvement
-fluid and electrolyte disorders
-malaise; low-grade fever
COMPLICATIONS
, -Fistula
-Infection
-Abscess
-Fibrosis
study
Ulcerative Colitis - answer-invloves muscosa and submuscosa
-begins in Rectum and Sigmoid Colon and Spreads up the Colon in continuous pattern
-Mucosa hyperemic- red and velvety
-Pinpoint Mucosal hemorrhages develop into crypt abscesses
-mutilple abcesses develops leaving ulcerations
** Ulcerations=causes Bleeding and Diarrhea
-Losses of fluid, electrolytes, and Protein
-Mucosal layer often develops projections that resemble polyps-pseudopolys
A disease of the colon and rectum—occasional inflammation of terminal ilium. Most
severe in sigmoid colon and rectum.
Water and electrolytes can't be absorbed through inflamed mucosa. Cell breakdown
protein loss.
Ulcerative Colitis
Clinical Manifestations - answerMajor symptoms-Bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain
Mild
1-2 semiformed stool containing small amounts of blood
Moderate
4-5 stools/day, increased bleeding and systemic symptoms-fever,malaise, anorexia
Severe
10-20 stools/day-Diarrhea that's bloody and contains muscus-fever, weight loss >10%,
anemia, tachycardia, and dehydration
Notes:Both are chronic disorders with mild to severe acute exacerbations at
unpredictable intervals over many years.
90% of UC patients have mild to moderately severe disease.
UC clients may also have rectal bleeding and tenesmus (feeling of incomplete
defecation); they may have fever during acute attacks. Weight loss is rare.
Ulcerative Colitis: Complications - answer-Hemorrhage
-strictures
-Anal fissures, hemorrhoids
-perirectal abscess
-Disease for more than 10 years at greater risk of colorectal cancer-periodically
screened w/ colonoscopy
