NU 578 Unit 4 Questions with Detailed
Verified Answers (100% Correct Answers)
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1. Insulin is used to treat which patient populations?
Ans:- Insulin is used to treat all patients with type 1 and many with type 2
diabetes.
2. What is the structure of insulin?
Ans:- Insulin consists of two amino acid chains (an acidic and b basic) linked
by two disulfide bridges.
3. Where is insulin synthesized?
Ans:- Insulin is synthesized in the pancreas by beta cells within the islets of
Langerhans.
4. What triggers insulin release?
Ans:- Insulin is released by a rise in blood sugar (eating a meal).
5. What is the anabolic reaction of insulin?
Ans:- Insulin promotes conservation of energy and buildup of energy stores
(anabolic).
6. What are the metabolic actions of insulin?
Ans:- Insulin promotes glucose into glycogen, amino acids assembled into
proteins, and fatty acids into triglycerides.
, 7. What happens during insulin deficiency?
Ans:- Insulin deficiency promotes glycogen into glucose, proteins into amino
acids, and fats into glycerol.
8. What is the drug class of Metformin?
Ans:- Biguanide.
9. What is Metformin used for?
Ans:- Metformin is used for type 2 DM, prevention of type 2 diabetes, GDM,
and PCOS.
10. How does Metformin work?
Ans:- Metformin reduces GI absorbance of glucose and hepatic production of
glucose. It does not stimulate insulin release from the pancreas.
11. What are the beneficial effects of Metformin beyond glucose control?
Ans:- Metformin increases HDL, decreases BP, and promotes weight loss.
12. What is the mechanism of DPP-4 inhibitors (gliptins)?
Ans:- DPP-4 inhibitors go to the pancreas and increase insulin release.
13. Give an example of a DPP-4 inhibitor.
Ans:- Sitagliptin.
14. What is the mechanism of SGLT-2 inhibitors (gliflozins)?
Ans:- SGLT-2 inhibitors increase urine excretion of glucose.
15. Give an example of an SGLT-2 inhibitor.
Ans:- Empagliflozin.
16. What cardiovascular benefit do SGLT-2 inhibitors provide?
Ans:- SGLT-2 inhibitors reduce cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes.
Verified Answers (100% Correct Answers)
/ Already Graded A+
1. Insulin is used to treat which patient populations?
Ans:- Insulin is used to treat all patients with type 1 and many with type 2
diabetes.
2. What is the structure of insulin?
Ans:- Insulin consists of two amino acid chains (an acidic and b basic) linked
by two disulfide bridges.
3. Where is insulin synthesized?
Ans:- Insulin is synthesized in the pancreas by beta cells within the islets of
Langerhans.
4. What triggers insulin release?
Ans:- Insulin is released by a rise in blood sugar (eating a meal).
5. What is the anabolic reaction of insulin?
Ans:- Insulin promotes conservation of energy and buildup of energy stores
(anabolic).
6. What are the metabolic actions of insulin?
Ans:- Insulin promotes glucose into glycogen, amino acids assembled into
proteins, and fatty acids into triglycerides.
, 7. What happens during insulin deficiency?
Ans:- Insulin deficiency promotes glycogen into glucose, proteins into amino
acids, and fats into glycerol.
8. What is the drug class of Metformin?
Ans:- Biguanide.
9. What is Metformin used for?
Ans:- Metformin is used for type 2 DM, prevention of type 2 diabetes, GDM,
and PCOS.
10. How does Metformin work?
Ans:- Metformin reduces GI absorbance of glucose and hepatic production of
glucose. It does not stimulate insulin release from the pancreas.
11. What are the beneficial effects of Metformin beyond glucose control?
Ans:- Metformin increases HDL, decreases BP, and promotes weight loss.
12. What is the mechanism of DPP-4 inhibitors (gliptins)?
Ans:- DPP-4 inhibitors go to the pancreas and increase insulin release.
13. Give an example of a DPP-4 inhibitor.
Ans:- Sitagliptin.
14. What is the mechanism of SGLT-2 inhibitors (gliflozins)?
Ans:- SGLT-2 inhibitors increase urine excretion of glucose.
15. Give an example of an SGLT-2 inhibitor.
Ans:- Empagliflozin.
16. What cardiovascular benefit do SGLT-2 inhibitors provide?
Ans:- SGLT-2 inhibitors reduce cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes.
